Synergistic policy construction of carbon mechanisms and carbon tariffs in the transition to a low-carbon economy
Sep 25, 2025
About this article
Published Online: Sep 25, 2025
Received: Jan 15, 2025
Accepted: Apr 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-1026
Keywords
© 2025 Yinglan Jin, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Granger causality test between industrial exports and carbon tariffs
| Null Hypothesis: | Obs | F-Statistic | Prob. |
|---|---|---|---|
| LNCT1 does not Granger Cause LNEX | 20 | 3.77845 | 0.0486 |
| LNEX does not Granger Cause LNCT1 | 1.61949 | 0.2202 |
Variance decomposition of foreign trade
| Period | T(%) | C(%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100 | 0.00000 |
| 2 | 93.13578 | 6.86422 |
| 3 | 85.19534 | 14.80466 |
| 4 | 83.85902 | 16.14098 |
| 5 | 79.95932 | 20.04068 |
| 6 | 76.75789 | 23.24211 |
| 7 | 74.77952 | 25.22048 |
| 8 | 74.56891 | 26.23109 |
| 9 | 73.37278 | 26.62722 |
| 10 | 73.18066 | 26.81934 |
Test results of industrial exports and carbon tariff co-integration
| Hypothesized No. of CE(s) | Eigenvalue | Trace Statistic | 0.05 Critical Value | Prob.** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None * | 0.529117 | 15.66486 | 15.49470 | 0.0470 | |
| At most 1 | 0.110523 | 2.108218 | 3.841465 | 0.1464 | |
| Normalized cointegrating coefficients (standard error in parentheses) | |||||
| LNEX | LNCT1 | ||||
| 1.000000 | 3.686451 |
||||
| Adjustment coefficients (standard error in parentheses) | |||||
| D(LNEX) | 0.190010 |
||||
| D(LNCT1) | 0.221410 |
||||
Results of unit root test of ADF method
| Variable | ADF value | Test form (C,T,K) | Significant level | Threshold | Associated probability | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LNEX | -0.906425 | 1% level | -3.80854 | 0.7646 | No | |
| 5% level | -3.02068 | |||||
| 10% level | -2.6504 | |||||
| D(LNEX) | -4.411628 | 1% level | -3.8315 | 0.0031 | Yes |
|
| 5% level | -3.02996 | |||||
| 10% level | -2.65518 | |||||
| LNCT1 | -1.689862 | 1% level | -3.80854 | 0.4210 | No | |
| 5% level | -3.02068 | |||||
| 10% level | -2.6504 | |||||
| D(LNCT1) | -3.823724 | 1% level | -3.8315 | 0.0103 | Yes |
|
| 5% level | -3.02996 | |||||
| 10% level | -2.65518 | |||||
| LNCT2 | -1.684928 | 1% level | -3.80854 | 0.4233 | No | |
| 5% level | -3.02068 | |||||
| 10% level | 2.65042 | |||||
| D(LNCT2) | -3.786470 | 1% level | -3.8315 | 0.0111 | Yes |
|
| 5% level | -3.02996 | |||||
| 10% level | -2.65518 |