Strategies for Improving Students’ Language Skills by Using Information Technology in Higher Education English Education
Mar 17, 2025
About this article
Published Online: Mar 17, 2025
Received: Nov 04, 2024
Accepted: Feb 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0324
Keywords
© 2025 Quanquan Zhu, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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The difference significance test of oral performance
| Class | Premeasurement | Posttest | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | |
| Average | 58.90141791 | 57.63541299 | 59.66120431 | 69.79802286 |
| Known covariance | 348.3100525 | 326.0147391 | 345.75750563 | 291.01066302 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | 0 | ||
| z | 0.37569033 | 3.68211902 | ||
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.82665995 | 0.00280069 | ||
| z Double tail critical | 1.91131250 | 2.67936651 | ||
The difference significance test of the previous survey and the post-test results
| Class | Posttest | Premeasurement |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 75.89694414 | 62.05796512 |
| Known covariance | 489.60090915 | 557.33210894 |
| Observed value | 45 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 3.36602499 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.03578167 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.91232459 | |
The difference significance test of the post-test comprehensive achievement
| Class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 68.94251039 | 75.89694414 |
| Known covariance | 510.33690457 | 489.60090915 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 1.99365115 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.04172116 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.96336405 | |
The significance test of the previous test and the performance of the following
| Class | Premeasurement | Posttest | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | |
| Average | 8.96536145 | 8.23669876 | 9.01219556 | 12.36151196 |
| Known covariance | 15.00248691 | 14.79003125 | 12.03650491 | 14.60611757 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | 0 | ||
| z | 0.49360654 | 4.59683615 | ||
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.68917153 | 0.03992736 | ||
| z Double tail critical | 0.19833469 | 2.75915344 | ||
The difference significance test of the previous survey
| Class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 66.19160844 | 62.05796512 |
| Known covariance | 521.42569315 | 557.33210894 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 0.29936654 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.78954276 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.89571243 | |