Strategies for Improving Students’ Language Skills by Using Information Technology in Higher Education English Education
17 mar 2025
O artykule
Data publikacji: 17 mar 2025
Otrzymano: 04 lis 2024
Przyjęty: 12 lut 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0324
Słowa kluczowe
© 2025 Quanquan Zhu, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
The difference significance test of oral performance
| Class | Premeasurement | Posttest | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | |
| Average | 58.90141791 | 57.63541299 | 59.66120431 | 69.79802286 |
| Known covariance | 348.3100525 | 326.0147391 | 345.75750563 | 291.01066302 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | 0 | ||
| z | 0.37569033 | 3.68211902 | ||
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.82665995 | 0.00280069 | ||
| z Double tail critical | 1.91131250 | 2.67936651 | ||
The difference significance test of the previous survey and the post-test results
| Class | Posttest | Premeasurement |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 75.89694414 | 62.05796512 |
| Known covariance | 489.60090915 | 557.33210894 |
| Observed value | 45 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 3.36602499 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.03578167 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.91232459 | |
The difference significance test of the post-test comprehensive achievement
| Class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 68.94251039 | 75.89694414 |
| Known covariance | 510.33690457 | 489.60090915 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 1.99365115 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.04172116 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.96336405 | |
The significance test of the previous test and the performance of the following
| Class | Premeasurement | Posttest | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class | |
| Average | 8.96536145 | 8.23669876 | 9.01219556 | 12.36151196 |
| Known covariance | 15.00248691 | 14.79003125 | 12.03650491 | 14.60611757 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | 0 | ||
| z | 0.49360654 | 4.59683615 | ||
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.68917153 | 0.03992736 | ||
| z Double tail critical | 0.19833469 | 2.75915344 | ||
The difference significance test of the previous survey
| Class | Cross-reference class | Laboratory class |
|---|---|---|
| Average | 66.19160844 | 62.05796512 |
| Known covariance | 521.42569315 | 557.33210894 |
| Observed value | 40 | 45 |
| Hypothesis mean difference | 0 | |
| z | 0.29936654 | |
| P(Z⇐z) Double tail | 0.78954276 | |
| z Double tail critical | 1.89571243 | |