Construction and Effectiveness Evaluation of Virtual Reality-based Immersive Learning Environments in International Chinese Language Teaching and Learning

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Comparison of pre-test results of Chinese proficiency between two groups

Dimensions	Group	N	Mean value	Standard deviation	t	Sig. (2-tailed)
Word	Control group	52	2.324	0.447	-0.048	0.972
	Experimental group	50	2.328	0.423
Improving sentences	Control group	52	2.224	0.634	-0.759	0.473
	Experimental group	50	2.235	0.385
Reading	Control group	52	2.357	0.486	-0.714	0.497
	Experimental group	50	2.362	0.443
Composition	Control group	52	2.261	0.501	-1.157	0.294
	Experimental group	50	2.283	0.454

Comparison of Chinese proficiency before and after test of experimental group

Dimensions	Group	N	Mean value	Standard deviation	t	Sig. (2-tailed)
Word	Pre-test	50	2.328	0.423	-1.058	0.000***
	Post-test	50	2.855	0.492
Improving sentences	Pre-test	50	2.235	0.385	-3.457	0.000***
	Post-test	50	2.647	0.524
Reading	Pre-test	50	2.362	0.443	-3.015	0.000***
	Post-test	50	2.951	0.432
Composition	Pre-test	50	2.283	0.454	-1.624	0.006**
	Post-test	50	2.672	0.507

Significance analysis of learning interest, attitude and participation

Dimensions	Group	N	Mean value	Standard deviation	t	Sig. (2-tailed)
learning interest	Control group	52	2.152	0.528	-3.728	0.000***
	Experimental group	50	2.583	0.364
Learning attitude	Control group	52	2.136	0.512	-3.932	0.000***
	Experimental group	50	2.564	0.503
Participation	Control group	52	2.075	0.416	-4.922	0.052
	Experimental group	50	2.533	0.491

Difficulty classification

N	0-0.2	0.2-0.4	0.4-0.6	0.6-0.8	0.8-1.0
Degree of difficulty	Very difficult	A little difficult	Moderate	Slightly easy	Very easy

Comparison of post-test results of Chinese proficiency between two groups

Dimensions	Group	N	Mean value	Standard deviation	t	Sig. (2-tailed)
Word	Control group	52	2.413	0.604	-2.556	0.004**
	Experimental group	50	2.855	0.492
Improving sentences	Control group	52	2.356	0.385	-3.065	0.017*
	Experimental group	50	2.647	0.524
Reading	Control group	52	2.438	0.314	-5.423	0.000***
	Experimental group	50	2.951	0.432
Composition	Control group	52	2.344	0.458	-1.526	0.011*
	Experimental group	50	2.672	0.507