Research on the Protection and Inheritance Model of Suona Music in the Context of Facing Cultural Diversity

Ceremonial music [19] is music that matches the environment, mood, and purpose of a particular ceremony in form and style, and can have physiological and psychological effects on the participants of the ceremony. Ceremonial music is formed and dependent on a particular society and its cultural traditions, which are attributed to and constrained by it. All kinds of sounds in the ritual environment may have the attribute of “music” and become the object of ritual music research. Therefore, it is impossible for folk music of any ethnic group or region to exist and circulate independently of local folklore. Throughout the funeral ceremony, what is passed on is not only the professional playing skills, but also the people’s understanding of the ritual procedures and suona music at the ceremony site, which is the inheritance of the folk culture through the performance of suona music.

Ceremony inheritance is the traditional way of suona music inheritance, from the practice of training the students’ skills and courage, so that the students get the exercise and also get the corresponding compensation, so as to enhance the students’ motivation to learn. Students improve their mental quality through live playing and deepen their memory of suona tunes used in each ritual program. The Qingyang suona heritage in the ceremony has a public nature. Its performance is located in an open space, and the suona music not only creates a sad and bleak atmosphere for the individuals in the ceremony venue, but the penetrating tone also reaches the ears of listeners in the vicinity of the ceremony. Compared to the inheritance in workshops and schools, in the ritual inheritance, men, women, and children are the objects of suona music inheritance, and individuals are inculcated in open spaces and specific situations.

In the context of the country’s increasing attention to traditional culture, in order to promote the development of suona art as a representative of excellent traditional folk music and culture, and to make this musical language more vivid, suona experts have actively responded to the national policy, taking into account folkloric activities and at the same time devoting themselves to the inheritance activities of suona art. Teacher and apprentice inheritance [20] on the basis of the traditional one-on-one teaching method, keeping up with the trend of the times, utilizing the current popular APP live broadcast of the teaching process, live performances at red and white ceremonies. The use of the Internet and software provides convenient conditions for students who encounter problems in practice, making this teaching method an important supplementary form of conventional teaching. Teachers and apprentices inherited the teaching content according to the development needs of society and students, based on the teaching of blowing techniques added to the teaching of music theory, listening to the sound, so that the teaching content is richer and more comprehensive.

As the country’s strategic plan for cultural development in the new era, more and more scholars at home and abroad have begun to pay attention to the development of traditional folk art, and people’s attitudes toward folk culture have also changed. The development of traditional culture from all nationalities is an indispensable part of our country’s efforts to become a cultural power. As a unique Chinese musical culture, the Chinese government has taken a series of measures in order to make this traditional musical culture and musical language to be re-recognized by young people and to be better inherited in China and even all over the world. In this context, a new educational pathway has emerged - school inheritance [21]. School is an important place for the dissemination of mainstream culture, and since the new era, it has opened up a brand new path for the inheritance of excellent traditional culture. The suona in school activities not only improves the social status of the artists, but also makes instrumental music, once rooted in folklore activities, into a new environment and into the students’ vision. In the suona classroom, the teacher conducts group lessons one to one, and the teacher adopts modern teaching methods such as questioning teaching method when teaching declarative knowledge, and creates situations from his own experience to attract students’ attention, so that students can deeply understand the living environment and development status of suona.

The statistical results of the standard deviation means of each instrument under subjective attributes are shown in Table 2. From Table 2, it can be seen that the bang flute has the highest mean values of blowing ratings in slim, bright, sharp and fullness, which are 8.573, 8.524, 8.311 and 8.029 respectively. The mean values of the ratings for slender, bright, sharp, thin, crisp, pure and soft in the song flute were 6.617, 6.578, 6.389, 6.452, 6.357, 6.948 and 7.912 respectively. The new flute scored 6.971 in turbidity. The grand flute scored 6.207 in purity and 6.451 in turbidity. The mean values of the ratings of the major flute for the 15 subjective attributes were basically in the range of 3.442-6.451. The soprano shawm and alto shawm’s rating means for the 15 subjective attributes ranged from 3.122-6.264 and 3.027-6.425, respectively. The mean values of the soprano suona’s ratings for slender, bright, sharp, thin, and crisp were all greater than 7 or more; and the mean values of the alto suona’s ratings for sharp, thin, and crisp were 6.211, 6.937, and 7.367, respectively. In addition, it was found based on the scoring results that there was a high overall consistency in the overall timbral awareness of the instruments under the subjective attributes of bright, sharp, thin, dry, full, rough, pure, and hoarse, which suggests that the participants were more focused and consistent in their scoring of these terms. There was less consistency in the perceptions of thin, dull, muddy, thick, crisp, soft, and muddy. This shows that there are significant differences in the content and subjective attributes conveyed by various instruments.

Next, this paper further analyzes the sharpness of multiple musical instruments. The results of the timbre sharpness visualization of ethnic instruments are shown in Figure 1. In terms of sharpness, the bang flute and the soprano suona are the sharpest instruments, with mean sharpness values of 6.5819 and 6.6491, respectively. The curved flute, the new flute, the large flute, the soprano flute, and the alto suona are moderately sharp, with mean sharpness values of 5.3587, 5.2485, 5.1107, 5.2228, and 5.3515, respectively. The alto flute is the least sharp, with mean sharpness values of 4.5990. 4.5990.

Figure 1.

Visual results of phonetic color acuity of national Musical Instruments

The results of the visualized distribution of instrumental timbre sharpness are shown in Figure 2. From the distribution, the soprano suona and the bang flute have the widest distribution range of instrument sharpness, with their instrument sharpness distribution ranging from 0-100.106 and 0-98.729 respectively. The sharpness of the recorder, the new flute and the big flute are in the high central position, and their highest sharpnesses are 80.381, 78.728 and 76.66 respectively. The sharpness distribution of the soprano sheng and the alto sheng in the sheng class of musical instruments varies greatly, and the distribution of the sharpnesses of their instruments range from 0-78.342 and 0-68.985 respectively. The sharpness distribution of the instrument is between 0-78.342 and 0-68.985. As for suona, the sound penetration strength is related to the type of instrument. The distribution of the sharpness of the soprano suona is very wide, between 0-100.106, while the penetration of the sound of the alto suona is smaller, between 0-80.272. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the suona is the wind instrument with the highest degree of sharpness, especially the soprano suona, which is extremely penetrating. According to the results of the survey, it can be seen that accurate analysis of the subjective attributes and timbral characteristics of various instruments can be used to identify, protect and pass on the suona music resources in a targeted manner in the context of cultural diversity.

Figure 2.

The visual distribution of the sound color of the instrument

As there are large differences between the instruments, this is of great help in distinguishing each music in the context of cultural diversity, especially the suona is the most prominent. Therefore, this paper takes suona music as the research object and investigates the satisfaction of the demand point for its inheritance process.

Based on the analysis in the previous section 3.1, this paper divides the demand points of suona music heritage into demand categories. Essential, expected, and charismatic needs are organized. The results of the satisfaction categorization of the demand points of Suona Music Heritage are shown in Table 3 below. It was found that the top 5 demand points were simple inheritance interface, interface containing cultural characteristics, beautiful interface elements, simple operation, easy to use, and clear function navigation. Obviously, the essential needs are more in line with the needs of suona inheritors than other needs.

In addition, the Better-worse coefficient can reflect the impact of providing a certain demand on the satisfaction enhancement of the inherited person, and the closer the Better-worse coefficient is to 1 indicates that the impact of satisfying such demand on the enhancement of the inherited person’s satisfaction is greater. Therefore, this paper prioritizes the satisfaction of essential needs, expected needs, and charismatic needs summarized in the previous section, and the results of prioritizing the satisfaction coefficients of Suona inherited need points are shown in Table 4. It can be seen through the ordering of the satisfaction coefficients of the inherited people that the needs that have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of the inherited people are dominated by the inherited people’s expectation needs and charisma needs. Among them, the top five demand points are: interface simplicity, interface containing cultural characteristics, beautiful interface elements, simple operation and easy to use, and clear function navigation, whose Better-worse coefficients are all greater than 0.9500, which are 0.9949, 0.9632, 0.9553, 0.9528, and 0.9514, respectively. In addition, the playing of music, the playback of teaching video , instrument production process display, online participation, and heritage history also have high Better-worse coefficients of satisfaction for the demand points, which are 0.8838, 0.8737, 0.8592, 0.8581, and 0.8577, respectively. while from rank 11, the suona music preservation and inheritance demand points between rank 11-21 ranked Better-worse coefficient is between 0.3764-0.7379, which are all less than 0.800, especially the Better-worse coefficient of the place of cultural origin is the smallest, which is 0.3764. It indicates that for the suona culture type of inheritance mode, providing relevant cultural content experience can better enhance the satisfaction of the inherited people.

In addition, the satisfaction of additional functions such as “offline experiential activities and related information” and “travel map and travel guide of cultural origins” is also particularly important to improve the satisfaction of the inheritors. This shows that the inheritors not only want to understand the characteristics of suona music traditional culture, but also hope that its cultural content can be creatively transformed in the modern social context, so that its existence is full of fun to better meet people’s spiritual needs. To summarize, only by improving the satisfaction of the inheritors of suona music in the process of suona music inheritance, can we make the inheritance of suona music smoother and achieve the protection of suona music in the context of cultural diversity.

Establishment of an incentive mechanism for the main body of inheritance. While attaching importance to the identification of the inheritors, the provincial and municipal cultural bureaus shall name the outstanding inheritors with outstanding contributions, i.e., granting corresponding honorary titles to the inheritors, and establish the incentive mechanism for the main body of the inheritance.

The inheritor is an important carrier of intangible cultural heritage. The protection of the inheritor and its own interests is the necessary premise to enable the cycle of inheritance of intangible heritage. Therefore, in addition to the existing government heritage funding subsidies, but also through the establishment of the title of the outstanding inheritor, to stimulate the subjective initiative of the inheritor.

Establishing a cooperation model for the protection and inheritance of suona music with the inheritors as the main body: to systematize and systematize the development of suona music, to form a regional cultural brand, and to display this business card of folk music to the whole of China and even to the whole world.

Establishing a database of inheritors’ materials: the database can be divided into a document database and a video database, the document database mainly saves the names of inheritors, music scores, traditional repertoire materials, and the development of southwestern Lu Suona drum and blowgun music, etc. The video database mainly includes performance videos of Suona music, as well as explanatory videos for the inheritors to create a collection of materials of regional significance.

Suona Music Competition: Suona music requires many years of practice before one can master the coordination of the reed with the suona pole and the suona barrel, and imitate the sounds of various birds and animals. Suona music is not suitable for all people to participate in, but it is suitable for all people to enjoy. Therefore, it is suggested that governmental organizations should be the organizers, or private enterprises should be the title sponsors, so that the suona music competition can be held annually in each city where suona music is spread, and suona music enthusiasts can participate in the form of local representative teams. Through this way, the folk suona music creation enthusiasm and inheritance beliefs will be emphasized, and the suona music business will be emphasized to stimulate the interest of the main body of the motivation.

Innovative education mode: In today’s society with the rapid development of science and technology, combining the traditional cultivation mode with modern teaching mode, combined with the previous suggestion of “suona music inheritor material database”, we can join hands with colleges and universities to set up “suona music famous artists and famous song appreciation”, “suona instrument index” and other network resources to share the performance records, interviews with famous artists and famous song appreciation on the internet for students who have difficulty in enjoying suona music. In addition, we can set up “Suona Music Famous Artists and Songs Appreciation”, “Index of Suona Instruments” and other network resources to share the performance records, interviews with famous artists and appreciation of famous songs of suona music on the internet, so as to provide convenient video resources for the students who have difficulties in enjoying suona music in different parts of the world.

Emphasis on the compilation of teaching materials: The inheritance of folk suona music mainly relies on “oral teaching”, and different inheritors specialize in different drumming arts in different regions. In this regard, this paper suggests combining the establishment of the “suona music inheritor material database”, promoting the cooperation and exchange between inheritors and urban area art performers and professional troupes, and compiling suona music teaching materials, so as to systematically sort out the historical origins, development genres, artistic characteristics, skills teaching and representative repertoire, leaving a legacy of the inheritance and development of Southwest Shandong’s suona music. Leave valuable resources for the inheritance and development of suona music.

Strengthening publicity: give full play to the media advantages of newspapers, magazines, and other news media, and distribute them with the help of network resources. Relying on digital information on suona music inheritors, inheritance status, performance information, etc. to publicize, so that people around the world can get first-hand news. Through the establishment of suona music website, put it into the open, transparent network environment, through multimedia resources, coordinate propaganda, art, culture and other forces, so that people can more conveniently understand the development of suona music.