A Study of the Impact of Virtual Reality Technology on Immersive Language Learning in Higher Education English Education

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Regulated mediation model test

Result variable	Predictor variable	Normalized regression coefficient	SE	t	95% confidence interval		R2	F
					LLCI	ULCI
Cognitive load	Constant a	49.58	7.02	9.42***	37.32	61.65	0.13	4.28
	Gender	7.23	5.88	2.51	-3.45	16.71
	Use of virtual technology	-13.14	4.62	-4.17**	-21.35	-5.27
	Spatial capacity	-0.09	0.13	-0.71	-0.32	0.16
	Use of virtual technology	0.32	0.24	1.48	-0.14	0.75
	* Spatial ability

The mediation model of the cognitive load is tested

Result variable	Predictor variable	Normalized regression coefficient	SE	t	95% confidence interval		R2	F
					LLCI	ULCI
Linguistic learning	Constant a	-0.29	0.32	-0.93	-0.78	0.31	0.21	13.58
	Gender	-0.23	0.25	-0.93	-0.57	0.23
	Use of virtual technology	0.77	0.23***	4.79	0.46	1.19
Cognitive load	Constant a	-0.19	0.33	-0.51	-0.7	0.44	0.07	6.34
	Gender	0.28	0.26	1.71	-0.08	0.76
	Use of virtual technology	-0.63	0.24	-3.2***	-0.95	-0.18
Linguistic learning	Constant a	-0.33	0.31	-0.13	-0.8	0.25	0.28	15.27
	Gender	-0.12	0.24	-0.38	-0.45	0.32
	Use of virtual technology	0.59	0.23	3.8***	0.28	0.99
	Cognitive load	-0.37	0.14	-3.69***	-0.51	-0.11

The teaching method and the spatial ability variance analysis table

Source	III type of square sum	df	MS	F	p	np2
Teaching mode	215.41	1	215.41	16.28	.000***	0.091
Spatial capacity	516.74	1	516.74	37.33	.000***	0.188
Teaching mode×Spatial capacity	184.26	1	184.26	13.67	.000***	0.079

The two kinds of teaching methods are descriptive statistics

	General group	Experimental group
Height space capacity	22.51±5.11	23.34±4.77
Low space capacity	16.45±4.02	19.53±4.58

The zero order correlation coefficient of the study variable

Study variable	Use of virtual technology	Learning effect	Spatial capacity	Cognitive load
Use of virtual technology	1.000	0.415**	.033	0.153**
Learning effect	0.415**	1.000	.047	0.467**
Spatial capacity	.033	-.047	1.000	.078
Cognitive load	0.153**	.467**	.078	1.00

Regulation effect analysis

Mediation variable Cognitive load	Spatial capacity		Effect	SE	95% confidence interval
					LLCI	ULCI
Cognitive load	M-1SD	-21.24	6.71	4.11	2.22	14.43
Cognitive load	M	0	5.02	3.08	1.08	11.24
Mediation variable	M+1SD	21.24	3.11	3.25	-2.55	8.45

Spatial factors in mainstream research and their corresponding tests

Space factor	Test
Spatial visualization	Origami test
Spatial relationship and orientation	Cube comparison test,The Guilford-d-Zimmerman space orientation test
Spatial visualization	Origami test,Plate test,Cube comparison test
Spatial relation	Card rotation test
Spatial orientation	The Guilford-d-Zimmerman space orientation test
Spatial visualization	Origami test,Plate test,Cube comparison test,The Guilford-d-Zimmerman space orientation test
Spatial relation	Card rotation test
Closing speed	Snow photo test
Closing flexibility	Hidden picture test
Perceptual velocity	Same image test