A Study on the Innovative Application of Multimedia Technology in Piano Teaching and Students’ Acceptance

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Independent sample T test results after the experiment

Project	Levin variance equivalence test				Average equivalent T test
	Assumption	F	Sig.	t	df	Sig.(2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	95% CI
									Lower limit	Upper limit
Musical knowledge	Equal variances	8.364	0.005	2.423	58	0.037	2.083	1.128	-4.245	-0.356
	Unequal variances			2.423	57.796	0.037	2.083	1.128	-4.245	-0.356
Spectrum recognition ability	Equal variances	4.235	0.346	0.849	58	0.024	3.042	1.464	-5.273	-2.268
	Unequal variances			0.849	57.754	0.024	3.042	1.464	-5.273	-2.268
Basic piano skills	Equal variances	6.147	0.027	1.526	58	0.042	1.954	1.441	-3.252	-1.981
	Unequal variances			1.526	57.934	0.042	1.954	1.441	-3.252	-1.981
Performance techniques	Equal variances	2.517	0.521	1.828	58	0.028	1.616	0.947	-2.326	-1.722
	Unequal variances			1.828	57.673	0.028	1.616	0.947	-2.326	-1.722

Descriptive statistics of pre-test scores

Project	Group	Number	Mean value	Standard deviation	Standard error mean
Musical knowledge	Experimental group	30	18.41	4.037	0.630
	Control group	30	18.23	3.615	0.565
Spectrum recognition ability	Experimental group	30	19.03	5.258	0.821
	Control group	30	18.92	5.049	0.789
Basic piano skills	Experimental group	30	15.69	2.654	0.414
	Control group	30	16.12	2.733	0.427
Performance techniques	Experimental group	30	17.38	3.125	0.488
	Control group	30	16.85	3.346	0.523

Student basic information statistics

Primary dimension	Secondary dimension	Frequency	Proportion
Gender	Male	112	34.78%
	Female	210	65.22%
Majors	Piano performance	76	23.60%
	Musical education	84	26.09%
	Piano accompaniment	72	22.36%
	Musicology	90	27.95%
Grade	Freshman	112	34.78%
	Sophomore	90	27.95%
	Junior year	78	24.22%
	Senior four	42	13.05%
Attitude towards the course	Highly valued	176	54.66%
	No taken seriously	20	6.21%
	Generally valued	126	39.13%

T test results of paired samples in the control group

Project	Control group(M±SD)		t	P
	Before the experiment	After the experiment
Musical knowledge	18.23±3.615	23.36±3.417	-2.145	0.035
Spectrum recognition ability	18.92±5.049	22.15±4.058	-2.014	0.042
Basic piano skills	16.12±2.733	19.41±3.874	-1.926	0.052
Performance techniques	16.85±3.346	18.53±4.562	-1.899	0.071

Acceptance of different professional students

Application mode	Majors	Demand attribute				SI	DSI
		M	O	A	I
Virtual piano classroom	Piano performance	25	29	16	6	0.59	-0.71
	Musical education	23	36	21	4	0.68	-0.71
	Piano accompaniment	24	25	17	6	0.58	-0.68
	Musicology	25	41	19	5	0.67	-0.73
Digital sheet music & automatic accompaniment	Piano performance	18	21	33	4	0.71	-0.51
	Musical education	29	38	12	5	0.60	-0.80
	Piano accompaniment	14	34	22	2	0.78	-0.67
	Musicology	25	44	17	4	0.68	-0.77
Interactive teaching software	Piano performance	15	39	19	3	0.76	-0.71
	Musical education	18	42	19	5	0.73	-0.71
	Piano accompaniment	16	20	32	4	0.72	-0.50
	Musicology	14	27	40	9	0.74	-0.46
VR & AR	Piano performance	12	38	20	6	0.76	-0.66
	Musical education	9	32	41	2	0.87	-0.49
	Piano accompaniment	11	22	34	5	0.78	-0.46
	Musicology	14	23	45	8	0.76	-0.41

Independent sample T test results before the experiment

Project	Levin variance equivalence test				Average equivalent T test
	Assumption	F	Sig.	t	df	Sig.(2-tailed)	Mean difference	Std. error difference	95% CI
									Lower limit	Upper limit
Musical knowledge	Equal variances	0.157	0.726	0.564	58	0.712	0.674	1.526	-3.327	2.145
	Unequal variances			0.564	57.865	0.712	0.674	1.526	-3.327	2.145
Spectrum recognition ability	Equal variances	0.255	0.994	0.492	58	0.935	0.569	1.358	-3.641	2.412
	Unequal variances			0.492	57.907	0.935	0.569	1.358	-3.641	2.412
Basic piano skills	Equal variances	1.556	0.212	-0.767	58	0.159	-1.164	1.505	-1.862	3.826
	Unequal variances			-0.767	57.643	0.159	-1.164	1.505	-1.862	3.826
Performance techniques	Equal variances	0.004	0.945	1.673	58	0.163	1.525	0.758	-0.019	2.832
	Unequal variances			1.673	57.794	0.163	1.525	0.758	-0.019	2.832

T test results of paired samples in the experimental group

Project	Experimental group(M±SD)		t	P
	Before the experiment	After the experiment
Musical knowledge	18.41±4.037	27.23±2.598	-2.953	0.000
Spectrum recognition ability	19.03±5.258	26.25±3.124	-2.431	0.004
Basic piano skills	15.69±2.654	22.34±4.986	-2.354	0.011
Performance techniques	17.38±3.125	23.16±5.312	-2.069	0.024

Acceptance of students of different grades

Application mode	Grade	Demand attribute				SI	DSI
		M	O	A	I
Virtual piano classroom	Freshman	12	50	34	16	0.75	-0.55
	Sophomore	16	34	28	12	0.69	-0.56
	Junior year	10	26	13	18	0.58	-0.54
	Senior four	4	16	10	10	0.65	-0.50
Digital sheet music & automatic accompaniment	Freshman	24	65	20	3	0.76	-0.79
	Sophomore	18	51	17	4	0.76	-0.77
	Junior year	12	28	31	7	0.76	-0.51
	Senior four	9	12	15	6	0.64	-0.50
Interactive teaching software	Freshman	21	54	27	10	0.72	-0.67
	Sophomore	19	42	25	4	0.74	-0.68
	Junior year	12	24	36	6	0.77	-0.46
	Senior four	11	25	4	2	0.69	-0.86
VR & AR	Freshman	6	32	65	7	0.88	-0.35
	Sophomore	12	25	48	5	0.81	-0.41
	Junior year	8	26	35	9	0.78	-0.44
	Senior four	5	16	18	3	0.81	-0.50