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Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy

Xu Huang

Xu Huang

Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated HospitalChangchun, China
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Huang, Xu
, 
Dongxue Chen

Dongxue Chen

School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua UniversityJilin, China
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Chen, Dongxue
, 
Shuxuan Wang

Shuxuan Wang

Beihua UniversityJilin, China
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Wang, Shuxuan
, 
Yijun Pi

Yijun Pi

Changchun University of Chinese MedicineChangchun, China
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Pi, Yijun
 and 
Qihua Liu

Qihua Liu

School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua UniversityJilin, China
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Liu, Qihua
  
Mar 17, 2025
Systematic Evaluation and Meta-analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy's Cover Image
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Published Online: Mar 17, 2025
Received: Oct 12, 2024
Accepted: Jan 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0211
Keywords
© 2025 Xu Huang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

UAER affects the result
UAER affects the result

Figure 2.

The effect of BUN
The effect of BUN

Figure 3.

SCR impact results
SCR impact results

Figure 4.

FBG effect
FBG effect

Figure 5.

The effects of 2hPG
The effects of 2hPG

Figure 6.

Effects of glycosylated hemoglobin
Effects of glycosylated hemoglobin

Figure 7.

Cholesterol effect
Cholesterol effect

Figure 8.

Effects of triglycerides
Effects of triglycerides

Figure 9

Bad reflection
Bad reflection

Figure 10.

Inclusion of RCT bias risk assessment
Inclusion of RCT bias risk assessment

UAER affects the result

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
DL 2022 60.48 7.48 59 92.65 10.45 59 10.50% -3.54[-4.12,-2.86]
TGQ 2018 83.64 14.65 68 109.56 16.85 68 11.49% -1.64[-2.03,-1.28]
WYP 2019 103.45 16.78 42 128.17 15.36 42 11.26% -1.37[-1.85,-0.95]
WL 2019 67.82 15.59 59 109.66 25.88 59 11.12% -1.97[-2.39,-1.49]
WZY 2021 56.28 11.69 46 83.24 15.62 46 11.24% -2.29[-2.86,-1.76]
ZJJ 2020 45.56 9.08 53 86.18 12.28 53 10.76% -3.78[-4.21,-3.18]
XSH 2014 315.48 121.65 40 376.15 138.45 40 11.37% -0.42[-0.81,-0.02]
GXY 2022 113.45 25.69 38 158.96 27.69 38 11.11% -1.61[-2.36,-1.28]
MMK 2020 54.69 14.89 41 68.18 20.18 41 11.15% -0.71[-1.26,-0.32]
Total [95%CI] 446 446 100% -1.92[-2.59,-1.33]

Cholesterol effect

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
YFY2011 4.56 0.78 38 5.09 0.96 26 9.26% -0.49[-0.89,-0.05]
WS2014 5.23 1.26 34 5.95 1.15 34 6.15% -0.89[-1.25,-0.29]
WQG2013 5.21 1.24 59 5.53 1.36 50 4.56% -0.35[-0.97,0.32]
CJH2017 5.18 1.29 40 5.24 1.32 42 5.29% -0.09[-0.67,0.6]
LWM2016 4.26 0.42 32 4.97 0.45 30 32.25% -0.67[-0.98,-0.45]
CXB2013 3.25 0.86 31 4.26 0.62 30 11.26% -0.93[-1.24,-0.59]
HSH2018 4.19 0.47 43 4.49 0.48 45 31.23% -0.38[-0.57,-0.12]
Total[95%CI] 277 257 100.00% -0.58[-0.67,-0.34]

The effects of 2hPG

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
HSN2021 9.26 0.36 128 9.29 0.36 128 29.36% -0.15[-0.21,-0.08]
ZYL2022 6.23 1.83 61 7.46 2.06 61 14.56% -1.27[-1.96,-0.56]
DXM2021 8.56 0.89 87 9.23 1.09 87 24.56% -0.28[-0.59,0.02]
XSH2014 8.21 1.62 60 8.49 1.49 60 15.62% -0.08[-0.79,0.53]
MMK2020 8.19 1.32 41 9.36 1.42 41 15.90% -1.17[-1.89,-0.56]
Total[95%CI] 377 377 100.00% -0.58[-0.89,-0.15]

Bad reflection

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Events Total Events Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
DL2022 3 59 3 59 4.48% 1.45[0.24,6.25]
YZX2019 9 38 7 38 7.59% 1.42[0.41,4.66]
LT2016 5 35 7 35 10.23% 0.67[0.19,2.45]
SYL2015 3 86 4 86 5.36% 0.67[0.18,4.18]
WBJ2020 7 46 9 46 10.26% 0.82[0.29,2.79]
WYP2019 1 42 2 42 1.79% 1.87[0.19,23.36]
TCQ2021 1 45 2 45 0.89% 5.24[0.29,113.26]
LQ2021 3 50 4 50 32.96% 0.048[0.00,0.29]
DXM2021 5 87 4 87 4.68% 1.43[0.37,6.25]
PXQ2016 9 45 10 45 6.26% 1.28[0.31,4.56]
WL2019 11 59 10 59 15.50% 0.97[0.37,2.66]
Total[95%CI] 57 592 62 592 100% 0.79[0.54,1.12]

SCR impact results

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
DL2022 83.45 10.96 59 10.45 13.12 59 5.56% -23.65[-25.65,-17.85]
YZX2019 67.15 12.83 38 78.26 10.85 38 5.56% -6.25[-12.36,-0.75]
LT2016 138.15 49.15 35 142.65 49.66 34 3.42% -4.15[-28.65,20.26]
SYL2015 73.63 15.22 86 89.25 19.25 86 5.86% -15.87[-21.36,-10.52]
WBJ2020 94.25 6.25 46 94.15 6.58 46 6.26% -0.35[-2.94,2.36]
WYP2019 62.15 6.58 42 67.23 7.26 42 6.14% -5.25[-8.26,-1.85]
TCQ2021 123.48 32.45 45 142.63 38.15 45 4.25% -20.35[-36.78,-4.51]
LQ2021 70.26 8.25 50 75.96 8.89 50 5.66% -4.87[-8.57,-1.15]
DXM2021 80.27 8.71 87 89.52 9.42 87 6.15% -9.87[-12.65,-7.05]
PXQ2016 83.58 13.25 45 92.56 19.15 45 5.70% -8.25[-15.78,-1.41]
WL2019 50.48 8.16 59 64.23 12.36 59 5.92% -13.48[-17.89,-10.26]
WZY2021 96.26 25.65 46 133.25 37.45 46 6.15% -37.85[-50.26,-24.56]
CLY2022 92.88 4.53 42 96.15 3.35 42 5.48% -4.85[-5.26,-2.14]
JF2022 152.48 19.85 45 187.26 20.53 45 4.15% -37.89[-45.78,-28.26]
XSH2014 89.24 31.25 40 87.63 33.25 40 5.60% 2.59[-12.85,16.58]
ZXD2021 103.21 13.15 60 176.12 14.93 60 5.52% -70.56[-78.59,-68.52]
GXY2022 70.29 11.21 38 70.26 11.32 38 5.15% 0.00[-5.26,5.26]
MMK2020 80.65 12.38 41 88.26 11.58 41 7.47% -7.26[-12.69,-2.48]
Total[95%CI] 904 903 100% -15.26[-23.25,-8.15]

The effect of BUN

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
DL2022 7.15 1.05 59 9.76 1.56 59 6.26% -2.45[-3.15,-2.36]
TGQ2018 6.21 0.82 68 6.21 0.96 68 7.26% -0.75[-0.91,-0.42]
SYL2015 6.03 2.26 86 9.15 3.26 86 5.92% -3.58[-4.25,-2.66]
WYP2019 3.64 0.41 42 5.36 0.52 42 7.63% -1.95[-2.36,-1.75]
TCQ2021 10.05 2.46 45 11.25 2.26 45 5.53% -1.15[-2.96,-0.28]
ZYL2022 7.32 2.02 62 10.63 2.06 62 6.21% -3.15[-3.88,-2.36]
LQ2021 8.31 0.83 50 8.15 1.36 50 6.58% -0.68[-1.02,-0.26]
PXQ2016 6.25 0.78 45 8 0.92 45 6.94% -0.53[-0.86,-0.18]
WL2019 4.18 0.93 59 6.05 1.23 59 6.58% -1.94[-2.36,-1.52]
WZY2021 5.92 0.71 46 7.55 0.85 46 7.63% -2.03[-2.58,-1.76]
CLY2022 6.25 0.32 42 6.52 0.31 42 7.26% -0.42[-0.51,-0.26]
JF2022 7.03 0.83 45 9.21 1.32 45 6.52% -2.15[-2.68,-1.68]
ZXD2021 6.15 1.23 60 9.35 1.31 60 6.25% -3.19[-3.58,-2.36]
GXY2022 6.25 0.95 38 8.15 1.46 38 6.25% -1.37[-1.81,-0.86]
MMK2020 5.28 0.72 41 5.96 0.86 41 7.18% -0.18[-0.97,-0.26]
Total[95%CI] 788 788 100% -1.78[-2.18,-1.23]

Effects of glycosylated hemoglobin

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
HSN2021 6.24 0.38 128 0.38 0.35 128 11.82% -0.18[-0.26,-0.09]
TGQ2018 6.32 0.78 68 0.85 0.87 68 11.32% -0.52[-0.79,-0.26]
LT2016 6.48 0.35 35 0.56 0.52 35 11.46% -0.18[-0.34,0.18]
WM2017 5.56 0.32 32 0.41 0.42 32 11.68% -1.59[-1.67,-1.36]
ZYL2022 5.78 0.96 61 1.06 1.03 61 10.58% -0.95[-1.25,-0.62]
DXM2021 5.79 0.64 87 0.78 0.79 87 11.69% -0.78[-0.95,-0.52]
JF2022 6.56 0.45 45 0.63 0.64 45 11.56% -1.27[-1.56,-1.03]
GXY2022 7.15 1.29 38 1.32 1.33 38 9.26% 0.08[-0.56,0.67]
MMK2020 6.26 0.84 41 0.97 0.98 41 10.63% -0.84[-1.14,-0.49]
Total[95%CI] 535 535 100.00% -0.69[-1.29,-0.29]

Effects of triglycerides

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
YFY2011 0.81 0.18 38 1.18 0.29 26 45.00% -0.38[-0.49,-0.23]
WS2014 2.03 0.56 34 2.56 0.56 34 9.56% -0.57[-0.78,-0.28]
WQG2013 1.79 0.84 59 1.79 1.24 50 2.23% -0.03[-0.57,0.58]
CJH2017 1.53 0.83 40 1.64 0.83 42 4.21% -0.12[-0.49,0.27]
LWM2016 1.89 0.67 32 2.23 0.59 30 5.59% -0.37[-0.67,-0.08]
CXB2013 1.75 0.63 31 2.34 0.98 30 3.25% -0.68[-1.06,-0.29]
HSH2018 1.59 0.34 43 1.85 0.31 45 30.16% -0.27[-0.42,-0.19]
Total[95%CI] 277 257 100.00% -0.37[-0.48,-0.29]

FBG effect

Study or Subgroup Experiment Control Std,Mean Difference
Mean SD Total Mean SD Total Weight IV,Random,95%CI
HSN2021 6.34 0.38 128 6.48 0.32 129 9.52% -0.51[-0.64,-0.45]
TGQ2018 5.82 1.26 68 6.35 1.89 68 7.24% -0.92[-1.48,-0.32]
LT2016 7.18 0.98 35 7.12 1.02 35 7.89% 0.03[-0.48,0.53]
WM2017 6.25 0.62 32 7.03 0.68 30 8.56% -0.48[-0.79,-0.12]
ZYL2022 5.25 1.02 61 6.05 1.25 60 8.25% -0.67[-1.19,-0.27]
DXM2021 6.19 0.57 87 6.25 0.69 87 9.05% -0.15[-0.32,0.08]
WZY2021 5.32 0.63 46 6.96 0.64 46 8.26% -1.07[-1.37,-0.79]
JF2022 6.17 0.61 45 8.15 0.92 45 8.59% -1.59[-1.87,-1.12]
ZJH2017 5.32 0.82 68 8.26 0.98 65 8.15% -2.48[-2.68,-2.14]
XSH2014 7.19 0.73 60 5.56 0.96 60 8.59% 0.19[-0.19,0.56]
GXY2022 5.15 0.94 38 7.26 1.03 38 8.15% -0.18[-0.59,0.38]
MMK2020 6.18 1.26 41 7.89 1.01 41 7.75% -1.38[-1.89,-0.74]
Total[95%CI] 709 704 100% -0.79[-1.08,-0.39]
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