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Experimental investigation on the influence of scale effects on the permeability coefficient of coarse-grained soil

Yong Yang

Yong Yang

College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming UniversityKunming, China
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Yang, Yong
, 
Jun Du

Jun Du

College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming UniversityKunming, China
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Du, Jun
, 
Xinggang Shen

Xinggang Shen

College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Kunming UniversityKunming, China
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Shen, Xinggang
, 
Zeyi Li

Zeyi Li

  • College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
  • Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi UniversityÔºåNanningGuangxi, China
  • Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and Engineering Safety of GuangxiNanning, China
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Li, Zeyi
, 
Haoran Jin

Haoran Jin

Inner Mongolia Traffic Design and Research Institute limited liability companyHuhhot, China
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Jin, Haoran
 and 
Mingjie Jiang

Mingjie Jiang

  • College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi UniversityNanning, China
  • Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi UniversityÔºåNanningGuangxi, China
  • Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and Engineering Safety of GuangxiNanning, China
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Jiang, Mingjie
  
Feb 27, 2025
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Published Online: Feb 27, 2025
Received: Oct 01, 2024
Accepted: Jan 08, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0150
Keywords
© 2025 Yong Yang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

ST30-2A large-scale vertical infiltration apparatus for coarse-grained soil and test process
ST30-2A large-scale vertical infiltration apparatus for coarse-grained soil and test process

Figure 2.

Grit and gravel of different grain size groups
Grit and gravel of different grain size groups

Figure 3.

Gradation area diagram
Gradation area diagram

Figure 4.

Sample gradation curve. (a) Area of different gradations S with the same maximum particle size dmax and (b) Maximum particle size dmax for different particles of the same grading area S
Sample gradation curve. (a) Area of different gradations S with the same maximum particle size dmax and (b) Maximum particle size dmax for different particles of the same grading area S

Figure 5.

Characteristics of vertical permeability deformation of coarse-grained soil. (a) Water oozing from top surface; (b) The fine particles begin to dance; (c) The fine particles have increased throbbing; (d) The water creates turbidity; (e) The turbidity is getting worse; (f) Fine particles are carried out by the current; (g) The phenomenon of subduction has intensified; (h) A lot of fine particles are brought out; (i) The soil surface is submerged and deformed; (j) Cross section of permeating specimen.
Characteristics of vertical permeability deformation of coarse-grained soil. (a) Water oozing from top surface; (b) The fine particles begin to dance; (c) The fine particles have increased throbbing; (d) The water creates turbidity; (e) The turbidity is getting worse; (f) Fine particles are carried out by the current; (g) The phenomenon of subduction has intensified; (h) A lot of fine particles are brought out; (i) The soil surface is submerged and deformed; (j) Cross section of permeating specimen.

Figure 6.

Fitting relationship between gradation area and permeability coefficient
Fitting relationship between gradation area and permeability coefficient

Figure 7.

Fitting relationship between maximum particle size and permeability coefficient
Fitting relationship between maximum particle size and permeability coefficient

Figure 8.

Measured and calculated values of permeability coefficient for coarse-grained soil
Measured and calculated values of permeability coefficient for coarse-grained soil

Figure 9.

The relationship between the measured and fitted values of the permeability coefficient in literature [25] and the gradation area
The relationship between the measured and fitted values of the permeability coefficient in literature [25] and the gradation area

Fitting results of Equation (5) for samples 9 to 18

S a2 (10-4) b2 k0 R2
0.617 7.983 -0.023 0.287 0.99
0.645 1.594 0.026 -0.192 0.99
0.671 2.148 0.020 -0.147 0.97

Fitting results of Equation (6) for samples 1 to 18

Fitting Parameters Numerical Value
a 0.020
b 0.036
c -0.977
e 8.566
f 0.020
R2 0.833

Fitting literature [25] results

Gradation Area S dmax (mm) Permeability Coefficient k (cm·s−1) Error Values (%)
Measured values Predicted values
0.510 60 4.000 3.916 2.138
0.571 60 4.435 4.325 2.480
0.636 60 3.300 3.461 4.889
0.699 60 3.350 3.391 3.112

Fitting results of Equation (4) for samples 1 to 6

Fitting Parameters Numerical Value
a1 -0.909
b1 0.027
c1 5.851
R2 0.973

Grading parameters

Test Number Gradation Area S dmax/mm Grading Parameters
m b
1 0.272 40 1.2 -0.6
2 0.381 40 1.2 0.2
3 0.475 40 0.9 0.2
4 0.533 40 0.9 0.4
5 0.754 40 0.6 0.6
6 0.875 40 0.6 0.8
7 0.617 60 0.9 0.6
8 0.617 40 0.9 0.6
9 0.617 20 0.9 0.6
10 0.617 10 0.9 0.6
11 0.645 60 1.2 0.8
12 0.645 40 1.2 0.8
13 0.645 20 1.2 0.8
14 0.645 10 1.2 0.8
15 0.671 60 0.6 0.4
16 0.671 40 0.6 0.4
17 0.671 20 0.6 0.4
18 0.671 10 0.6 0.4
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