Real-time monitoring and deep learning prediction modeling of rainfall infiltration effects in slope stability risk assessment
e
26 set 2025
INFORMAZIONI SU QUESTO ARTICOLO
Pubblicato online: 26 set 2025
Ricevuto: 19 gen 2025
Accettato: 08 mag 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-1042
Parole chiave
© 2025 Guopeng Qu and Kan Wu, published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Figure 7.

The orthogonal design factors and levels of the stability analysis are used
| Influencing factor | Level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| Solar rainfall (mm) | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 |
| Heavy (kN/m3) | 17.31 | 19.04 | 19.62 | 20.18 |
| Cohesive (kPa) | 7 | 10 | 13 | 16 |
| Internal friction Angle | 15 | 18 | 20 | 22 |
| Saturation coefficient(m/hr) | 0.007 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.022 |
| Saturated volume moisture content(%) | 32 | 36 | 42 | 46 |
| Crack depth (m) | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 |
| POE high (m) | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 |
| Slope ratio | 1:1.2 | 1:1.6 | 1:1.8 | 1:2 |
The long slope open-dew parameters used in the analysis of stability
| Severity (kN/m3) | Cohesion (kPa) | Interior friction Angle | Saturation coefficient(m/hr) | Saturated volume moisture content(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Same as the weathering layer | 16.73 | 21.64 | 1.9×10-4 | Same as the weathering layer |
Training sample
| Serial number | Solar rainfall (mm) | Heavy (kN/m3) | Cohesive (kPa) | Internal friction Angle | Saturation coefficient (m/hr) | Saturated volume moisture content (%) | Crack depth (m) | POE high (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90.2 | 17.49 | 8 | 19.51 | 0.0197 | 39.49 | 1.12 | 12.38 |
| 2 | 129.98 | 18.24 | 7.35 | 12.42 | 0.0151 | 35.44 | 0.84 | 27.72 |
| 3 | 82.6 | 19.58 | 9.75 | 17.27 | 0.0178 | 38.99 | 1.24 | 28.85 |
| 4 | 116.97 | 19.25 | 7.77 | 7.25 | 0.0222 | 38.31 | 1.13 | 11.39 |
| 5 | 86.01 | 15.87 | 8.59 | 21.07 | 0.0155 | 36.07 | 1.32 | 29.78 |
| 6 | 97.59 | 17.5 | 8.74 | 14.55 | 0.016 | 38.94 | 1.18 | 32.94 |
| 7 | 97.47 | 20.42 | 8.73 | 16.85 | 0.0112 | 29.64 | 1.41 | 29.97 |
| 8 | 100.16 | 22.07 | 8.41 | 10.73 | 0.0159 | 37.48 | 1.14 | 25.69 |
| 9 | 106.46 | 21.97 | 9.45 | 14.98 | 0.0048 | 34.92 | 1.39 | 24.22 |
| 10 | 66.79 | 16.76 | 9.44 | 14.51 | 0.0131 | 34.14 | 1.42 | 28.87 |
| 11 | 108.81 | 15.53 | 7.78 | 15.5 | 0.0144 | 38.53 | 1.19 | 22.37 |
| 12 | 112.55 | 14.54 | 9.55 | 13.91 | 0.0117 | 30.55 | 1.49 | 8.59 |
| 13 | 74.15 | 14.66 | 6.61 | 18.85 | 0.0125 | 32.1 | 1 | 24.29 |
| 14 | 118.54 | 13.84 | 8.87 | 15.93 | 0.0123 | 35.94 | 1.4 | 12.48 |
| 15 | 126.51 | 16.78 | 9.33 | 17.18 | 0.0111 | 39.56 | 1.16 | 21.68 |
| 16 | 85.62 | 19.62 | 7.83 | 15.85 | 0.0122 | 33.49 | 1.33 | 25.66 |
| 17 | 103.12 | 17.27 | 11.42 | 15.72 | 0.0137 | 34.36 | 1.39 | 37.05 |
| 18 | 93.1 | 16.85 | 7.31 | 19.34 | 0.023 | 37.04 | 1.32 | 20.32 |
| 19 | 104.98 | 16.62 | 7.9 | 16 | 0.0119 | 36.74 | 1.22 | 19.32 |
| 20 | 90.94 | 20.59 | 7.49 | 16.06 | 0.0173 | 40.67 | 1.42 | 26.07 |
| 21 | 97.5 | 14.73 | 5.25 | 17.06 | 0.0168 | 41.39 | 1.29 | 29.27 |
| 22 | 112.17 | 15.97 | 8.9 | 17.62 | 0.0219 | 33.95 | 1.4 | 24.37 |
| 23 | 108.86 | 17.46 | 8.92 | 14.16 | 0.0132 | 34.26 | 1.12 | 33.65 |
| 24 | 93.44 | 19.02 | 9.92 | 18.15 | 0.0164 | 37.54 | 1.45 | 17.35 |
| 25 | 104.8 | 17.32 | 7.58 | 16.95 | 0.0184 | 36.09 | 1.21 | 15.36 |
| 26 | 84.1 | 16.72 | 9.21 | 11.24 | 0.015 | 37.37 | 1.32 | 36.66 |
| 27 | 120.65 | 15.51 | 10.29 | 14.99 | 0.0136 | 40.14 | 0.94 | 27.44 |
| 28 | 118.06 | 19.82 | 5.87 | 20.39 | 0.0141 | 35.17 | 1.15 | 22.84 |
| 29 | 108.23 | 18.02 | 9.4 | 15.31 | 0.0121 | 39.23 | 1.06 | 27.27 |
| 30 | 113.38 | 20.08 | 10.84 | 13.75 | 0.0128 | 26.09 | 1.25 | 16.44 |
| 31 | 101.19 | 15.93 | 7.03 | 13.41 | 0.017 | 35.65 | 1.34 | 33.17 |
| 32 | 102.99 | 16.42 | 7.61 | 15.28 | 0.0049 | 34.91 | 1.23 | 10.22 |
The prediction of the model in a stable state
| Serial number | Solar rainfall (mm) | Heavy (kN/m3) | Cohesive (kPa) | Internal friction Angle | Saturation coefficient (m/hr) | Saturated volume moisture content (%) | Crack depth (m) | POE high (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90.453 | 18.822 | 8.609 | 19.818 | 0.01984 | 40.866 | 1.1408 | 13.0754 |
| 2 | 130.233 | 19.572 | 7.959 | 12.728 | 0.01524 | 36.816 | 0.8608 | 28.4154 |
| 3 | 82.853 | 20.912 | 10.359 | 17.578 | 0.01794 | 40.366 | 1.2608 | 29.5454 |
| 4 | 117.223 | 20.582 | 8.379 | 7.558 | 0.02234 | 39.686 | 1.1508 | 12.0854 |
| 5 | 86.263 | 17.202 | 9.199 | 21.378 | 0.01564 | 37.446 | 1.3408 | 30.4754 |
The results of the model in the test library
| Serial number | Solar rainfall (mm) | Heavy (kN/m3) | Cohesive (kPa) | Internal friction Angle | Saturation coefficient (m/hr) | Saturated volume moisture content (%) | Crack depth (m) | POE high (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 90.43 | 18.61 | 8.59 | 19.79 | 0.01982 | 40.75 | 1.138 | 13.0742 |
| 2 | 130.21 | 19.36 | 7.94 | 12.7 | 0.01522 | 36.7 | 0.858 | 28.4142 |
| 3 | 82.83 | 20.7 | 10.34 | 17.55 | 0.01792 | 40.25 | 1.258 | 29.5442 |
| 4 | 117.2 | 20.37 | 8.36 | 7.53 | 0.02232 | 39.57 | 1.148 | 12.0842 |
| 5 | 86.24 | 16.99 | 9.18 | 21.35 | 0.01562 | 37.33 | 1.338 | 30.4742 |
The experimental results in the calculation of the model
| Serial number | Rainfall duration(h) | Lift up | grade | Cohesive force | Internal friction | Saturated volume moisture content(%) | Crack depth (m) | POE high (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 20 | 40 | 10.04 | 15.26 | 35.21 | 1.418 | 25.064 |
| 1 | 8 | 20 | 40 | 10.03 | 14.79 | 35.52 | 1.138 | 34.344 |
| 2 | 16 | 20 | 40 | 10.37 | 15.78 | 38.8 | 1.468 | 18.412 |
| 3 | 24 | 20 | 40 | 10.14 | 14.19 | 37.35 | 1.228 | 16.232 |
