A Study on the Impact of China’s Free Trade Zone Construction on the Coordinated Development of Regional Economies in the Context of Institutionalized Openness

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

The robustness test

Variable name	Coefficient (geographic weight matrix)
Policy	0.011***(0.003)
W*policy	0.020*(0.012)
Controlled variable	Yes
Double fixation effect	Yes

The Global Moran Index of the coordinated development of regional economy

Year	Moran’s I	Z value	P value
2013	0.185*	1.888	0.059
2014	0.195**	1.961	0.050
2015	0.213**	2.112	0.035
2016	0.230**	2.243	0.025
2017	0.235**	2.279	0.023
2018	0.237**	2.289	0.022
2019	0.265**	2.511	0.012
2020	0.296***	2.764	0.006
2021	0.303***	2.824	0.005
2022	0.312***	2.884	0.004

The spatial effect decomposition of the space-time dual fixed effect spatial Dobbin model

Variable name	Direct effect	Indigo effect	Gross effect
Policy	0.008**(0.004)	0.023*(0.012)	0.031**(0.014)
Taxes	0.037***(0.011)	-0.067*(0.035)	-0.030(0.038)
Urban	0.151***(0.029)	-0.015(0.084)	0.136(0.095)
Information	-0.078***(0.009)	-0.041(0.025)	-0.119***(0.028)
Capital	-4.420***(1.085)	-1.232(3.293)	-5.652(3.849)
Government	-0.233***(0.055)	-0.514***(0.152)	-0.747***(0.176)

Variable definition table

Name	Symbol	Description
Coordinated development of regional economy	Coordination	Index system for the coordinated development of regional economy
Free trade zone construction	Policy	Dummy variable
Tax revenue	Taxes	Log of the tax revenue of the provincial and municipal governments
Urbanization	Urban	Urban population number is log
Information level	Information	Logarithm of the total post and telecommunications business volume
Human capital level	Capital	The ratio of the number of college students to the total permanent resident population of the region
Government intervention	Government	The ratio of general public budget expenditure to gross regional product

Results of the model regression

Variable name	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Policy	0.009**(0.003)	0.006*(0.003)	0.006*(0.003)
Taxes	0.039***(0.011)	0.048***(0.011)	0.043***(0.011)
Urban	0.144***(0.028)	0.149***(0.028)	0.149***(0.029)
Information	-0.072***(0.009)	-0.069***(0.009)	-0.075***(0.009)
Capital	-4.010***(1.051)	-4.011***(1.029)	-4.328***(1.028)
Government	-0.223***(0.047)	-0.195***(0.050)	-0.197***(0.053)
W*Policy			0.011*(0.007)
W*Taxes			-0.059**(0.024)
W*Urban			-0.076(0.056)
W*Information			0.006(0.017)
W*Capital			1.170(2.167)
W*Government			-0.244**(0.095)
Rho	0.384***(0.044)		0.424***(0.061)
Lambda		0.492***(0.055)
Log-L	806.1670	803.7324	816.3694
Hausman test	216.79***	138.16***	197.76***
LR test	20.40***	25.27***
yearfix	YES	YES	YES
idfix	YES	YES	YES

Index system for coordinated regional economic development

Name of index	Primary indicators	Secondary indicators	Unit
Coordinated development of regional economy	Economic vigor	Total retail sales of social consumption	Ten thousand yuan
		Local fiscal revenue	Ten thousand yuan
		Value of import and export	Ten thousand yuan
	Economic strength	Per capita gdp values	Yuan
		Per capita disposable income	Yuan
		Per capita social consumption and total retail sales	Yuan
	Economic structure	The proportion of the secondary industry in gdp	%
		The proportion of the tertiary industry in gdp	%

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Observed value	Mean	Standard deviation	Least value	Crest value
Coordination	300	0.226	0.137	0.0682	0.753
Policy	300	0.383	0.487	0	1
Taxes	300	7.402	0.866	5.165	9.286
Urban	300	7.696	0.738	5.635	9.155
Information	300	7.344	1.251	4.212	10.42
Capital	300	0.0216	0.00564	0.00887	0.0436
Government	300	0.250	0.101	0.107	0.643

The LM test

Test	Statistics	P value
LM-Lag test	7.684	0.006
Robust LM-Lag test	19.376	0.000
LM-Error test	8.225	0.004
Robust LM-Error test	19.916	0.000