Study on the Dynamic Protection Strategy of Ancient Buildings in Historical and Cultural Neighbourhoods from the Perspective of Traditional Culture Based on Three-dimensional Modelling Technology

In the information age, the rapid development of digital technology has profoundly affected all levels of society, promoting the innovation of various scientific research fields and the transformation of human lifestyles. With the integration of the information network into life, the fundamental way of shopping, home, culture and tourism, transport and other aspects of the transformation, people began to pay attention to the history, culture and art of spiritual needs on the basis of meeting the basic material needs of food, clothing, housing and transport [1–3]. As the gathering place and carrier of regional culture, the historical authenticity of its landscape environment, historical buildings and living information is the focus and difficulty of the protection and inheritance of historical and cultural districts. There are few examples of unified standards, full coverage and sustainable updating for the protection of ancient buildings in China’s historical and cultural neighbourhoods, and the massive amount of information cannot be effectively integrated and applied. Therefore, the use of digital technology on the block of ancient architecture of historical and cultural resources for dynamic, refined, systematic management work has significant practical significance [4–7].

The surveying and mapping of historical and cultural heritage such as ancient buildings, ancient ruins, ancient city streets and traditional settlements in China has evolved from the initial manual surveying to the application of GPS technology, laser 3D scanning technology, close-up photogrammetry and digital images and other geographic information system (GIS) technologies. Among them, the 3D laser scanning technology reproduces and stores the real scene restoration through the form of a 3D laser point cloud, realising the breakthrough of measurement and positioning from a single point to faceted and the transformation of the measurement area from planar to spatial [8–10]. The flourishing development of digital technology has promoted the breakthrough progress of surveying and mapping work in terms of span and accuracy, and its efficiency and comprehensiveness in information collection have also broken through the limitations of traditional technology. Obtaining the basic information of the protected object is the starting point for establishing its 3D digital model. Under the background of the increasingly mature quantitative analysis technology, information acquisition technology is moving forward in the direction of high efficiency, reliability and stability. The 360° panoramic space constructed by the precise fusion of point cloud data and image data can restore the real scene, intuitively display detailed information about the protection object and make a detailed assessment of its damaged parts [11–13]. Under the perspective of traditional culture, to scientifically formulate the dynamic protection scheme of ancient buildings in historical and cultural districts, the organic integration of 3D modelling technology and traditional measurement methods can promote mutual support and synergistic optimization of the two so as to achieve the purpose of multidimensional and multi-source collection of historical and cultural districts and their ancient buildings to protect and manage the basic information [14–15].

The protection of historical and cultural neighbourhoods has become an important focus in the process of urbanisation, and the protection of historical and cultural neighbourhoods is not only limited to the level of protection of ancient buildings, but more attention should be paid to the excavation of their historical inheritance and humanistic heritage. Literature [16] provides a fast, lowcost and safe 3D laser scanning method for the protection status and risk assessment of historic buildings, and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can accurately assess the safety of the building, using the Church of St. Mary’s in Portnovo as a real case for experimental verification. Literature [17] synthesises laser scanning and photogrammetric techniques to propose an own working methodology for generating 3D virtual models of historic cities, which can be used to understand how to preserve historic cities and assess their development potential from different perspectives. Literature [18] attempted to analyse the value of cultural heritage through digital representation (DR), which mainly uses geo-information technology and augmented reality environments on mobile platforms for 3D data collection, modelling and visualisation of cultural from the Perspective of Traditional Culture Based on Three-dimensional Modelling Technology heritage, and this research is important for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Literature [19] considered that accurate building models are extremely important for 3D recording and modelling of heritage buildings, and proposed a semi-automatic 3D modelling accuracy evaluation method based on historical building information models through point cloud data and BIM tools, and verified the validity of the method through experiments, which can improve the accuracy of 3D models.

In addition, literature [20] uses Jewish architectural heritage as an example and proves experimentally that a 3D digitisation method is a powerful tool for evaluating, preserving and promoting architectural and cultural heritage. Literature [21] designed an online geo-crowdsourcing system called Share Our Cultural Heritage (SOCH), supported by web and mobile GIS, which can be used to document and share tangible cultural heritage on a large scale and provides a valuable resource for cultural heritage development, management, education and long-term monitoring. Literature [22] proposed a multiscale approach for cultural heritage protection and management based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the CityGML model, and empirically analysed it using the ancient city of Taranto (Italy) as an experimental subject, and the results showed that the proposed approach could effectively support existing cultural heritage protection, monitoring and preservation measures. Literature [23] designed a sustainability-based assessment model for the conservation of architectural attributes in historic districts on the three dimensions of economy of architecture, culture of form, and sociality of benefits, and experimentally verified the applicability and feasibility of the assessment model, which can effectively guide the implementation of conservation plans for historic districts and timely correct the deviation from the goal of sustainable conservation.

In this paper, the spatial and architectural image data of ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighbourhoods are aerially photographed using UAV inclined photogrammetry, and the collected image data are homogenised using the Wallis filter algorithm based on the improvement of multiplicative coefficients so that the multiplicative coefficients are in line with the standard threshold value. Then the processed image data of ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district are imported into Context Capture software to establish a 3D reconstruction task, and the data collected by close photogrammetry is used to optimise the design of the 3D building model. Combined with the architectural 3D modelling technology to construct the multi-coupling dynamic protection strategy of ancient buildings in historical and cultural districts under the perspective of traditional culture, to improve the dynamic protection effect of ancient buildings with diversified development. Subsequently, the evaluation index system of dynamic protection of ancient buildings is constructed with reference to relevant information, and linear evaluation is carried out based on statistics after determining the weights using the hierarchical analysis method. After testing the accuracy of 3D modeling technology, this study implements a dynamic protection strategy with ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural Quarter and evaluates and analyzes the dynamic protection effect.

2

Methodology for three-dimensional modelling of ancient buildings in historic and cultural districts

2.1

UAV-based data acquisition and processing

2.1.1

Building data collection

1)

Aerial altitude

Inclined photogrammetry [24] aerial height refers to the height of the UAV aerial operation flight, according to the different datum can be divided into relative aerial height and absolute aerial height, relative aerial height to the take-off point as the starting datum, and absolute aerial height to the absolute elevation datum in the measurement area as the starting datum. The design of aerial height is mainly based on the height of the features in the aerial photography area, ground resolution, and other circumstances to determine. The aerial altitude formula: 1 $H = f \times \frac{G S D}{n}$ Where H represents the aerial height (m), f represents the camera lens focal length (mm), n represents the pixel size (mm), and GSD represents the ground resolution.

2)

Aerial Overlap

Aerial overlap is an index to check whether the UAV image acquisition is complete or not, and improving the image overlap can avoid the use of the edge image of the acquisition area as much as possible, and the aerial overlap rate of the UAV flight direction is divided into the bypass overlap rate and the heading overlap rate. The bypass overlap rate refers to the overlap area of the images taken by the quality control of the adjacent routes; the heading overlap rate mainly refers to the overlap area of the two shooting intervals of the same route. From the Specification for Low Altitude Digital Aerial Photography, it can be seen that the heading overlap rate is generally 60-80%, and the bypass overlap rate is generally 15-60%. By the overlap rate formula: 2 $M = \frac{M_{x}}{P_{x}} \times 100 %$ 3 $M = \frac{M_{x} \times M_{y}}{P_{x} \times P_{y}} \times 100 %$ 4 $N = \frac{N_{y}}{P_{y}} \times 100 %$ 5 $N = \frac{N_{x} \times N_{y}}{P_{x} \times P_{y}} \times 100 %$ where P_x and P_y denote the film size, M_x and M_y denote the image size, and N_x and N_y denote the side overlap size.

3)

Image acquisition

Using low altitude UAV [25] tilt photography technology for image acquisition of ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighbourhoods, as a basis for the construction of real-life three-dimensional model, the accuracy and resolution of the generated three-dimensional model is directly related to the accuracy of the collected images, by tilted image acquisition of the basic geometric principles of Eq: 6 $D_{\max} = h \times \tan (c + d)$ 7 $l = h \times \tan (c - d)$ Where c and d denote the camera tilt angle and visual angle, respectively, h and l denote the UAV flight altitude and the minimum value of the horizontal distance between the feature and the UAV in the multi-view tilted image, respectively, and D_max denotes the maximum value of the horizontal distance between the corresponding feature in the multi-view tilted image.

2.1.2

Image data pre-processing

Based on the principle of acquiring data by inclined photogrammetry, aerial films are acquired by five cameras with different orientations (one front view and four side views). Due to the different shooting angles, the five groups of aerial films acquired at the moment of shooting exposure will have differences in light and darkness, which will lead to differences in colours displayed by different aerial groups of a certain feature, and ultimately affect the accuracy and effect of the 3D real scene, so it is particularly important to perform even-light and even-colour processing for the acquired images. Therefore, it is particularly important to even out the light and colour of the acquired images. The Wallis filter algorithm based on the improved multiplicative coefficients [26] is used for the homogenisation process to determine whether the target image needs to be processed by judging whether the multiplicative coefficients are in accordance with the standard threshold value: 8 $\bar{x} = \frac{1}{P Q} \sum_{m = 0}^{P - 1} \sum_{n = 0}^{Q - 1} f (m, n)$ 9 $σ = \sqrt{\frac{1}{P Q} \sum_{m = 0}^{P - 1} \sum_{n = 0}^{Q - 1} [f (m, n) - \bar{x}]}$ Where x̄ and σ denote the standard image mean and standard deviation, respectively, P and Q denote the ranks of the image, and f(m, n) denotes the grey value of the image at coordinate (m, n).

2.2

Reconstruction of building 3D model

Import the exported blocks into Context Capture to create a new 3D reconstruction task and set the coordinate system. Because the external survey will choose to expand the edges of the data to be modeled in order to meet the requirements of the internal data, and the air triangle encryption uses all the images obtained from the external acquisition, so in the process of air three reconstruction, in order to speed up the speed and efficiency of the production, it is necessary to import the reconstruction of the range line or adjust the boundaries directly in the software. The range lines can be circled using Aowei or Loca Space Viewer and exported as KML files. The advantage of the circle drawing of the range line is that it can draw irregular shapes and can be accurately sketched along the edges that need to be reconstructed, while the direct adjustment of the boundary in Context Capture can only get a rectangular boundary, which can be selected according to the actual requirements of the project to obtain the boundary.

In the Context Capture software for historical and cultural districts in the process of building threedimensional models of ancient buildings, the construction of triangular mesh using dense matching generated by the point cloud, the point cloud connected to the production of three-dimensional mesh, that is TIN. Irregular triangular mesh encapsulation, you can get the “white model”. Since the acquired image data contains location information and texture characteristics, the white model can be mapped using this information to obtain a 3D model with real texture information.

The impacts of the ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district, obtained by the above process, and the impacts obtained by inclined photogrammetry, are fused for modeling. Since the image data acquired by DJI Mavic 3E includes POS information, it is only necessary to import the image data into the 3D reconstruction software to reconstruct the model. The key to data fusion is the addition of connection points, firstly, the close photographic acquisition of the image information for aerial triangle encryption, and then the addition of the connection points for the image of the selection of stabbing, close photogrammetry and tilt photogrammetry in the building of the dense point cloud data for the coordinate system of the same data fusion, and finally, the fusion of the point cloud in Context Capture for the real-life three-dimensional modeling. Reconstruction.

3

Dynamic preservation paths for ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighbourhoods

Traditional cultural perspective of the dynamic protection of ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighbourhoods multiple reciprocal coupling path refers to the ancient buildings in the optimization of the protection process coupled with the potential resource elements in the historical and cultural neighbourhoods of the ancient buildings for the reasonable regulation of the protection. This paper is based on three-dimensional modelling technology proposed by the historical and cultural district of ancient architecture dynamic protection strategy to achieve the path shown in Figure 1. The strategy is designed to protect ancient buildings in a dynamic way by taking into account the social, economic, cultural, and ecological environment. First of all, use the three-dimensional modelling technology proposed above to construct an overall model of the ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district, and according to the three-dimensional model, dig deep into the resource advantages of the ancient buildings and the factors that need to be protected urgently. Secondly, optimize the space of ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district based on traditional culture, and improve the ecological structure around them. Once again, optimize the original tourism industry development mode in the historical and cultural district of ancient architecture, reasonable and effective external publicity and promotion, expand its tourism influence, enhance its overall visibility, and finally, according to the development of different industries in the ancient architecture of different directions and ways, coupled with different participants in the main body of pluralistic governance. Diversified development enhances the attractiveness of regional culture and improves the residents’ sense of cultural identity, which improves the dynamic protection of historical and cultural neighborhoods and ancient buildings.

4

Evaluation methods for dynamic conservation of ancient buildings

4.1.

Construction of evaluation indicators

In the classical dynamic conservation theory, the conservation of historical buildings attaches importance to the historical and cultural value and scientific and artistic value, lacks the analysis of its environment from the urban perspective, and attaches importance to conservation but neglects the feasibility and applicability of reuse. In contemporary conservation theory, however, conservation and reuse are not irreconcilable, and reasonable reuse is an effective mode of conservation, especially for modern residential historic districts. Contemporary conservation theory advocates expressive conservation, functional conservation and value-oriented conservation, and the concept of conservation is gradually moving from the protection of “reality” to the protection of “meaning,” and the use of value (meaning and function) of historical buildings as material entities is being squarely recognized. Reasonable reuse, so that the historical buildings, especially a large number of residential historical buildings, are in a moderate state of use, to extend the life cycle of the building, in a sense, the enhancement of the value of the use of the complex and diverse potential value of the historical buildings is also a trade-off between the realization of the protection of the “significance”. For the research object of this paper - ancient buildings in historical and cultural districts, its value is not only a historical building but also embodied in the overall style, spatial order, street texture and other group significance, so focusing on the individual level of the quantitative evaluation system is not applicable. Therefore, the quantitative evaluation system focusing on the individual level is not applicable. It is of practical significance and research necessity to establish a dual-indicator quantitative evaluation system for the reuse of R and protection of P of ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighborhoods from the perspective of traditional culture. Based on this, this paper refers to related research to build a dynamic protection evaluation system for ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighborhoods, and analyzes the weights of the indicators using the hierarchical analysis method, and the results of the analysis of the specific indicator system and weight values are shown in Table 1. The dynamic protection evaluation mainly includes historical and cultural indicators (0.140), neighborhood morphology (0.072), architectural form (0.039), historical streets and alleys (0.069), important buildings (0.206), and architectural quality (0.192). The reuse evaluation consists of three first-level evaluation factors: urban location (0.090), site openness (0.089) and group size (0.103).

Table 1.

Dynamic protection evaluation system

Index system	Primary evaluation factor	Secondary evaluation factor	Numbering	Weighting
Dynamic protection evaluation (P)	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	Historical figures and historical events	P11	0.071
	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	Social and cultural style	P12	0.069
	Block form (P2)	—	P2	0.072
	Architectural form (P3)	—	P3	0.039
	Historical street (P4)	Outer porch	P41	0.042
	Historical street (P4)	Inner street	P42	0.027
	Important building (P5)	Relic building	P51	0.059
	Important building (P5)	Historic building	P52	0.073
	Style building	P53	0.074
	Building quality (P6)	Main structure	P61	0.034
		Appearance quality	P62	0.064
		Basic equipment	P63	0.094
Reuse evaluation (R)	Urban location (R1)	Space location	R11	0.024
		Traffic condition	R12	0.019
		Business potential	R13	0.047
	Site openness (R2)	Road public level	R21	0.031
	Site openness (R2)	External interface	R22	0.058
	Group size (R3)	—	R3	0.103

4.2

Evaluation methodology

Re-use of R-Protection P The principle of the quantitative evaluation system of dual indicators is based on a statistically linear evaluation model: 10 $y = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} x_{i} w_{j}$

The ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district were evaluated from two perspectives: reuse and protection, and the reuse evaluation result R and the protection evaluation result P were obtained. The coordinate system R – P for quantitative evaluation of dual indicators of reuse and protection is established with R and P as horizontal and vertical coordinates respectively, and the position of coordinate point (R, P) is used to characterise the results of the quantitative evaluation of dual indicators of reuse R -protection P, which serves as a reference for the strength of the operation of protection and reuse.

Reuse evaluation R : 11 $R = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} R_{i} W_{i} (W h i c h R_{i} = \sum_{j = 1}^{m} r_{i} w_{j})$ $$R = \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^n {R_i}{W_i}\left( {Which\,{R_i} = \mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^m {r_i}{w_j}} \right)$$ R indicates the reuse evaluation, R_i is the reuse level 1 evaluation factor, W_i. is the corresponding weight value of the level 1 evaluation factor, r_j indicates the reuse level 2 evaluation factor, and w_j is the corresponding weight value of the level 2 evaluation factor.

Protection evaluation P : 12 $P = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} P_{i} W_{1} (W h i c h P_{i} = \sum_{j = 1}^{m} p_{j} W_{j})$ $$P = \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^n {P_i}{W_1}\left( {Which\,{P_i} = \mathop \sum \limits_{j = 1}^m {p_j}{W_j}} \right)$$ P is the protection evaluation, P_i belongs to the protection level 1 evaluation factor, W_i indicates the corresponding weight value of the level 1 evaluation factor, P_j is the protection level 2 evaluation factor, and W_j is the corresponding weight value of the level 2 evaluation factor.

5

Effectiveness of the implementation of the dynamic conservation path for ancient buildings

5.1

Accuracy analysis of 3D modelling techniques

5.1.1

Selection of indicators

The accuracy analysis of 3D architectural models includes measurement accuracy, model integrity, correctness, authenticity, geometric structure, texture quality, etc. This paper analyzes the accuracy of the architectural 3D model after monolithisation in terms of geometric structure texture accuracy and positional accuracy, respectively, according to the experimental results. Geometric structure texture accuracy includes whether the effect, colour tone, light, and shadow relationship of the model is coherent. The completeness, correctness, and coordination of the texture data, the resolution and size of the mapping, and the consistency with the tilted model. The completeness and correctness of the data topological relationships of different types and levels of detail; the structural and textural quality of the model is mainly assessed by visual discrimination. Positional accuracy includes plane position and elevation position, by calculating the difference between the coordinates of the 3D model and the actual coordinates of the feature points in the X, Y and Z directions, as well as the inplane error and the in-height error, in order to make sure that the accuracy of the positional accuracy is in line with the accuracy indexes of the architectural 3D real-life model.

Using the 20 checkpoints laid during the measurement, the actual 3D coordinates of the checkpoints are compared with the coordinates of the 3D model, and the difference of coordinates in different directions between the two is calculated as △X_i, △Y_i and △Z_i, and the error in X direction, Y direction and plane is calculated by using the formulae (13), (14) and (15), and the error in elevation is calculated by using the formulae (16). 13 $m_{X} = \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (Δ X_{i}^{2}) / n}$ 14 $m_{Y} = \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (Δ Y_{i}^{2}) / n}$ 15 $m_{X Y} = \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (Δ X_{i}^{2} + Δ Y_{i}^{2}) / n}$ 16 $m_{Z} = \sqrt{\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (Δ Z_{i}^{2}) / n}$ Where, n is the number of check points, m_X, m_Y, m_XY, m_Z are the errors in X, Y, plane and elevation directions.

5.1.2

Analysis of results

The three-dimensional model point position error analysis results are shown in Figure 2. The X and Y directions have error rates of -0.052-0.146m and -0.100-0.106m, respectively. The maximum and minimum values of the planar error of the three-dimensional architectural model are 0.198 m and 0.002m, respectively, and the average error is 0.077m. From the elevation error analysis results, the average error in the elevation of the three-dimensional model of ancient architecture established by the method of this paper is 0.099m. From the above, it can be seen that from the evaluation of the positional accuracy of the 3D model, the modelling method has high accuracy and meets the requirements for the accuracy of the architectural full-element reality model, with the planar positional accuracy and the elevation positional accuracy within 19.8 cm and 24 cm, respectively. In summary, the refined modelling method proposed in this paper can restore the real structure and texture information of the buildings in the ancient buildings of historical and cultural districts in terms of geometric structure and texture accuracy, and the three-dimensional model effect is real without pulling flowers, and it can completely express the detailed information of the buildings. In terms of positional accuracy, the plane and elevation errors satisfy the accuracy indexes, and the model can achieve higher accuracy, which is suitable to be applied in the dynamic protection path of ancient buildings based on the 3D model.

5.2

Basic Overview of Y angqiao Ancient Architecture

The ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District have a history of about 850 years. The building’s origins were in the Southern Song Dynasty, then spread to the Yuan and Ming dynasties, then to the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. At present, there are more than 600 traditional buildings in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the Republic of China, 28,400 square meters, more than 1,100 meters of stone embankment, ancient buildings, streets and alleys, water systems and pastoral scenery are integrated, with strong traditional characteristics. The statistical results of the provincial ancient building list of city C, to which the ancient buildings of Yangqiao belong, are shown in Figure 3, and the total number of ancient buildings in Yangqiao District (26) ranks first in the city from the first six batches of ancient buildings in the historical and cultural blocks of C city in J province that have been announced. In 2006, Yangqiao Ancient Street was rated as a “historical and cultural district” by the C municipal government. In 2012, the ancient buildings of Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District were selected for the second batch of ancient Chinese villages published by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Finance. In March 2020, the ancient buildings of Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District won the title of the seventh batch of “Chinese Historical and Cultural Villages”, and in April 2023, Yangqiao was selected into the first batch of historical and geographical names and cultural heritage (ancient buildings) of City C.

Yangqiao Historical and Cultural Quarter of ancient architecture of the architectural form by the influence of the terrain presents the unique morphological characteristics of mountain architecture, with the rise and fall of the mountains layer by layer, and at the same time, the construction of fortress walls, towers in order to set off its momentum. The upper and lower connected courtyard building group is the main architectural form of the Yangqiao Historical and Cultural Quarter ancient buildings. The climate of C City, where Yangqiao’s ancient buildings are located, belongs to the temperate monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons: long winters and short summers, rain and heat in the same season, and strong monsoons. In this paper, the statistical results of the temperature change of C city from January to December in 2023 are shown in Table 2, and the results of precipitation analysis in each era are shown in Table 3. It can be found that the climate of City C is significantly different due to the complexity of the topography: cold in the west and mild in the east, with average annual maximum and minimum temperatures of about 15.62 and 5.47 degrees Celsius, respectively, and annual precipitation of about 627.98 mm. Due to the monsoon, precipitation is mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, accounting for about 76.23% of the annual precipitation, with less precipitation in spring, often leading to spring drought. The flood season usually starts in mid to late June and ends in September. Winter is dry and cold with low snowfall. The dry season is always broken, but floods are more frequent, which causes greater damage to the ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District. Based on three-dimensional modeling technology for Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District, ancient buildings, and the surrounding geographic environment, modeling and targeted dynamic protection are urgently needed.

Table 2.

Temperature analysis results (°C)

Month	Average maximum temperature	Mean minimum temperature	Maximum temperature	Minimum temperature
January	5.34	-5.72	10.05	-2.65
February	10.21	-4.45	13.62	-3.21
March	15.39	-1.95	18.18	-6.24
April	18.35	5.77	19.91	4.34
May	25.36	9.05	30.54	7.38
June	26.78	14.49	31.37	8.66
July	31.69	16.35	35.92	12.78
August	17.09	6.85	26.24	13.17
September	15.91	12.8	27.88	12.7
October	12.64	9.61	23.08	8.28
November	6.48	6.84	19.08	3.24
December	2.21	-3.99	17.07	-4.41

Table 3.

Annual precipitation analysis results (mm)

Years	Year	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
1970-1980	665.08	124.65	339.89	190.68	18.65
1981-1990	650.28	89.64	317.45	167.02	27.94
1991-2000	632.47	115.64	316.15	165.16	23.56
2001-2010	609.7	113.25	309.13	154.81	17.99
2011-2020	582.38	100.36	306.59	126.81	18.42
1970-2020	627.98	108.71	317.84	160.90	21.31

5.3

Results of Dynamic Conservation Evaluation of Ancient Buildings

In this paper, the proposed dynamic protection strategy is used to dynamically protect and reuse the ancient buildings in the Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District, and relevant experts, scholars and residents are invited to form a dynamic protection evaluation team of ancient buildings in the historical and cultural block. According to the dynamic evaluation method of ancient buildings proposed above, the dynamic protection effect of the existing heritage of ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District before and after the implementation of the dynamic protection strategy was evaluated, and the index score data of each level of the evaluation system were obtained. Finally, comprehensive evaluation results were obtained for the dynamic protection of ancient buildings in historical and cultural blocks from the perspective of traditional culture. The more the dynamic protection of ancient buildings in historical and cultural blocks is evaluated, the better the protection effect on the building and its architectural heritage. A higher evaluation score can further improve its social and use functions, and create more economic value from it.

The evaluation results of the dynamic protection of ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District before the implementation of the dynamic protection strategy are shown in Table 4, and the evaluation and analysis results after the implementation of the strategy are shown in Table 5. According to the evaluation scores before the implementation of the strategy, under the influence of various environmental and human factors, the dynamic protection and reuse of ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District were at a low level (1.75-3.49 points). In the conservation evaluation system, P12 “social and cultural features” (3.16), P3 “architectural forms” (3.16) and P41 “external street outlines” (3.25) had higher evaluation scores. However, the evaluation scores of P52 “Historic Buildings” (1.78) and P61 “Main Structure” (1.75) were less than 2 points, indicating that the main historical buildings and the main structure of the buildings in the ancient buildings of Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District have been seriously damaged. After the implementation of 3D modeling and dynamic protection strategy, the evaluation scores of each secondary evaluation factor increased to 3.19-4.98 points, all of which were at a high level. Specifically, the three first-level indicators of P5, “important buildings”, P6, “construction quality,” and R1, “urban location,” had the highest total evaluation scores, with 12.91 points, 13.21 points and 10.71 points, respectively. This shows that the 3D modeling technology can assist researchers in repairing and protecting the existing buildings in a timely manner after the real restoration of the ancient buildings in the Yangqiao Historical and Cultural District and prevent the secondary damage caused by adverse environmental factors to the ancient buildings, so as to realize the dynamic protection and reuse of the ancient buildings in the historical and cultural block.

Table 4.

The evaluation of the dynamic protection of ancient buildings (Before)

Index system	Primary evaluation factor	Secondary indicator	Score
Dynamic protection evaluation (P)	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	P11	3.10	6.26
	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	P12	3.16	6.26
	Block form (P2)	P2	1.95	1.95
	Architectural form (P3)	P3	3.16	3.16
	Historical street (P4)	P41	3.25	5.96
	Historical street (P4)	P42	2.71	5.96
	Important building (P5)	P51	2.77	7.03
		P52	1.78
		P53	2.48
	Building quality (P6)	P61	1.75	6.47
		P62	2.88
		P63	1.84
Reuse evaluation (R)	Urban location (R1)	R11	3.49	9.03
		R12	2.48
		R13	3.06
	Site openness (R2)	R21	3.43	5.68
	Site openness (R2)	R22	2.25	5.68
	Group size (R3)	R3	2.55	2.55

Table 5.

The evaluation of the dynamic protection of ancient buildings (After)

Index system	Primary evaluation factor	Secondary indicator	Score
Dynamic protection evaluation (P)	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	P11	3.63	8.50
	Historical and cultural indicators (P1)	P12	4.87	8.50
	Block form (P2)	P2	4.94	4.94
	Architectural form (P3)	P3	3.27	3.27
	Historical street (P4)	P41	3.42	7.77
	Historical street (P4)	P42	4.35	7.77
	Important building (P5)	P51	4.98	12.91
		P52	3.71
		P53	4.22
	Building quality (P6)	P61	4.56	13.21
		P62	4.75
		P63	3.9
Reuse evaluation (R)	Urban location (R1)	R11	3.29	10.71
		R12	3.85
		R13	3.57
	Site openness (R2)	R21	3.19	7.82
	Site openness (R2)	R22	4.63
	Group size (R3)	R3	4.15	4.15

6

Conclusion

In today’s rapidly developing society, the preservation of ancient buildings in historical and traditional cultural neighborhoods serves as the foundation for studying the connotations of traditional Chinese culture. The UAV’s tilt-camera technology serves as the foundation for this study, capturing architectural images of ancient buildings in historical and cultural neighborhoods. The Context Capture software then creates a 3D model of these buildings. The validation found that this 3D modeling technology, in terms of positional accuracy, plane (<19.8 cm), and elevation error (<24 cm), meets the accuracy index, and the model can achieve higher accuracy.

Immediately, the multivariate coupling dynamic protection path and evaluation method are proposed to achieve dynamic protection of ancient buildings in the historical and cultural district from the perspective of traditional culture. The ancient buildings in Yangqiao Historical and Cultural Neighborhood have a history of about 850 years, but they have been damaged greatly by environmental factors and human factors. After the dynamic conservation strategy was implemented, the evaluation scores for the secondary evaluation factors of dynamic conservation and reuse went up to 3.19-4.98, which are all high levels. P5 “important buildings,” P6 “architectural quality,” and R1 “urban location” are the most important factors. P5 “important buildings,” P6 “building quality,” and R1 “city location” have the highest total evaluation scores, which are 12.91, 13.21, and 10.71, respectively.

In conclusion, this paper synthesizes the 3D modeling technology and multiple coupling dynamic protection strategy based on the existing resources of the historical and cultural district of ancient architecture for overall planning and dynamic protection, hopefully for the historical and cultural district of ancient architectural spatial protection and renewal design research to provide a good reference.

Idioma:: Inglés

Calendario de la edición:: 1 veces al año
Temas de la revista:: Ciencias de la vida, Ciencias de la vida, otros, Matemáticas, Matemáticas aplicadas, Matemáticas generales, Física, Física, otros

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Study on the Dynamic Protection Strategy of Ancient Buildings in Historical and Cultural Neighbourhoods from the Perspective of Traditional Culture Based on Three-dimensional Modelling Technology

Ziyun Jiao

Junxue Zhang

Lei Ou

Publicado en línea: 03 feb 2025

Recibido: 05 sept 2024

Aceptado: 18 dic 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0042

Palabras claveWallis filter, Context Capture, Hierarchical analysis method, Evaluation index, Dynamic protection of buildings

© 2025 Ziyun Jiao et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Palabras clave
Wallis filter, Context Capture, Hierarchical analysis method, Evaluation index, Dynamic protection of buildings