Energy-saving design of office buildings considering light environment and thermal environment

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Analysis of the influence of insulation thickness on energy consumption_

Insulation thickness (mm)	Heating demand (kWh/(m2a))	Heating load (W/m2)	Cooling demand (kWh/(m2a))	Cooling load (W/m2)	Non-renewable primary energy demand (kWh/(m2a))	Primary energy renewable demand (kWh/(m2a))
150	2	8	27	9	59	33
140	3	8	27	9	61	34
130	3	8	27	9	62	34
120	4	9	27	9	63	35
110	4	9	28	10	65	36
100	5	10	28	10	67	37
90	6	11	28	10	70	38
80	7	11	29	11	74	41
70	9	12	29	11	78	44
69	9	12	29	11	79	44
68	9	13	29	11	79	45
67	10	13	29	11	80	45
66	10	13	29	11	80	45
65	10	13	30	11	81	46
64	10	13	30	11	82	46
63	10	13	30	11	82	47
62	11	13	30	11	83	47
61	11	13	30	11	84	47
60	11	14	30	12	84	48

Simulation parameters_

Type	Glazing G value	Glazing U value [W/(m2k)]	Visible transmittance	Frames U value [W/(m2k)]	Minimum insulation thickness (mm)
No.1	0.54	1.07	0.57	0.6	114
No.2	0.42	0.97	0.48	0.6	86
No.3	0.51	0.92	0.73	0.6	95
No.4	0.32	0.89	0.42	0.6	76
No.5	0.3	0.88	0.61	0.6	74

Relation between U value of frames and minimum insulation thickness_

Frames U value	Minimum insulation thickness (mm)	Heating demand (kWh/(m2a))	Heating load (W/m2)	Cooling demand (kWh/(m2a))	Coolingload (W/m2)
0.2	75	7	11	29	11
0.4	77	7	11	29	11
0.6	78	7	11	29	11
0.8	80	7	11	29	11
1	82	7	11	29	11

Parameter of glass and window_

Glass type	Low-e type	Glazing G value	Glazing U value W/(m2*k)	Visible transmittance	Frames U value W/(m2*k)
triple glazing with two cavities 6 Low-E+9Ar(argon)+6+9Ar(argon)+6Low-E	online + online,	0.54	1.07	0.57	0.6

U value of exterior walls, roofs and grounds_

Parameter	Exterior wall	Roof	Ground
U value	0.262	0.244	0.242

Relationship between shading coefficient and minimum insulation thickness_

Shading coefficient (%)	Minimum insulation thickness (mm)	Heating demand (kWh/(m2a))	Heating load (W/m2)	Cooling demand (kWh/(m2a))	Cooling load (W/m2)
0	66	10	13	29	11
2	68	9	13	29	11
4	70	9	12	29	11
6	72	9	12	29	11
8	75	8	12	29	11
10	77	8	12	29	11
12	80	7	11	29	11
14	84	7	11	29	11
16	88	6	11	29	11
18	93	6	10	29	11
20	99	5	10	29	11

Different glass materials and minimum insulation thickness_

glass type	Low-e type	glazing U value [W/(m2k)]	glazing G value	Visible transmittance	Frames U value [W/(m2k)]	Minimum insulation thickness (mm)	Heating demand [kWh/(m2a)]	Cooling demand [kWh/(m2a)]
Triple glazing with two cavities 6Low-E+ 9Ar(argon)+ 6+9Ar(argon) +6Low-E	online + online,	1.07	0.54	0.57	0.6	114	7	29
					0.7	115	7	29
					0.8	117	7	29
	single silver + single silver	0.97	0.42	0.48	0.6	86	11	29
					0.7	87	11	29
					0.8	88	11	29
		0.92	0.51	0.73	0.6	95	8	29
					0.7	96	8	29
					0.8	98	8	29
	double silver + double silver	0.89	0.32	0.42	0.6	76	13	29
					0.7	76	13	29
					0.8	77	13	29
	triple silver + single silver	0.88	0.3	0.61	0.6	74	14	29
					0.7	75	14	29
					0.8	76	14	29