Research on the Integration and Sustainable Utilization of Digital Humanities Resources of Local Cultural Heritage in Southern China

High-precision digital camera for cultural heritage is a commonly used means of collection and recording at present, which plays a vital role in the protection of cultural heritage. The first step of digital camera needs to determine the target cultural heritage, then obtain the optical image of the target cultural heritage, and then transform the optical signal into digital signal through photoelectric sensor, and finally form the digital image.

A scanner is a device that converts information such as photographs, text pages, drawings, samples, etc. into digital signals by scanning them using optoelectronic technology and digital processing. Three-dimensional is a combination of a one-dimensional and a two-dimensional, compared to two-dimensional has a three-dimensional sense. Three-dimensional scanner combines a variety of high-tech, including optical technology, electrical technology and computer technology, can be a short period of time to quickly obtain the target object of the three-dimensional shape, pattern color, surface albedo and other information, and then use the computer system to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction calculations, so as to create a three-dimensional digital three-dimensional model of the same as the target object.

Database is to organize, store and manage data in the form of data structure, and its basic structure contains three layers: physical data layer, conceptual data layer and user data layer. Cultural heritage database construction, first of all, need to digitize the collection of information related to various cultural heritage resources, and then the collected content as raw data for processing and classification storage, and then on the pre-collection of digital information to build the relevant bit strings, characters and words and in the database to form an effective link, so that people can enjoy digital searching, browsing, downloading, sharing and other services in the user data layer in the computer software system or the front-end display platform of the database. So that people can enjoy digital search, browsing, downloading, sharing and other services.

The material used in 3D printer is adhesive material which is a real raw material, and the printed works are three-dimensional.3D printing technology has been applied more and more in cultural heritage, for those cultural heritage which has no integrity or has disappeared, it can be repaired and restored by 3D printing technology.

Virtual reality technology [22-23] (VR), is a computer-generated interactive and dynamic three-dimensional effect of the complete virtual world, the participants only need to wear a virtual reality helmet display can be obtained “immersive” experience, at the same time, the participants can be able to get the sight, sound, smell and other sensory sensations, such as being in the presence of the real world.

Augmented reality technology (AR), is a human-computer interaction technology, it will be generated by computer technology, the real world does not exist in the virtual information through the corresponding auxiliary equipment superimposed on the same real environment, the real scene of the same picture or space, to realize the three-dimensional space to join the positioning of the virtual object, to achieve the effect of augmented reality, so that the user has a kind of hyper-realistic experience, and more embodies the concept of human-centeredness.

Museum digitization, on the one hand, to make up for the traditional museum exhibits can not be fully displayed or even if the display of visitors can only see part of the shortcomings of the museum into the digital technology can be a good solution to the problems that exist in the display. On the other hand, the traditional museums lack of interest, monotonous and dull atmosphere is difficult to please the tourists, tourists walk around type of visit mode can not make the cultural heritage to get a good dissemination. Digital technology of fun, interactivity and other characteristics are more likely to attract tourists, so that tourists can understand the cultural heritage more deeply.

As one of the branches of computer science and technology, it is a new technical science that researches and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems used to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the study of how to use computers to complete the work that only humans can implement in the past. As its theory and technology become more and more mature, the field and scope of application are expanding, and it also brings new opportunities to the protection of cultural heritage.

This paper analyzes the old sites of cultural heritage in many places in the south, most of the old sites are well preserved under the joint protection of the government and local villagers, but some of the old sites are in the residential area, and the production and life of the surrounding residents will inevitably have a certain impact on the old sites. Through VR panorama acquisition, VR panorama stitching, VR panorama processing and VR panorama display, the VR panorama visualization of the old sites of local cultural heritage in the south is presented.

Figure 3 shows the information architecture of digital humanities resources integration platform. The information architecture of South China cultural heritage digital platform is mainly established on the basis of the completion of the visual expression and storage of cultural heritage information, and its main role is to meet the user’s information needs for cultural heritage on the one hand, and on the other hand, to achieve the permanent preservation of cultural resources and resource sharing through the digital platform.

Figure 3.

Platform information architecture

The interfaces of Southern China Cultural Heritage Digitization Platform are all in the form of frame structure, with the platform navigation on the top and the page contents on the bottom, which are overall unified and appropriately proportioned to facilitate users’ quick reading of information. For example, the home page is an upper-middle-lower frame structure, the upper part is the navigation bar and overall logo of the interface, the middle part is the six systems and wonderful topics, and the lower part is the platform service guide display, so that users can quickly locate the platform according to their personal needs and get the platform’s display information.

The visual flow of the interface design of Southern China Cultural Heritage Digital Platform is based on the user’s habit of use as the design guideline, using icons, colors, text and other elements to guide the user to browse according to the visual flow. The visual flow of the platform mainly utilizes the three types of visual flow: focus visual flow, guided visual flow and linear visual flow.

The usability test of the digital humanities resources integration platform for local cultural heritage in Southern China focuses on the functional part of the platform, which mainly includes five dimensions, namely, cultural communication and education, digital collection and display of cultural heritage, online interactive experience, personalized information recommendation, and virtual scenario construction, each of which is equipped with five statements describing the functionality of the platform in this paper. Fifty respondents were invited to participate in the platform usability questionnaire survey.

The questionnaire adopts a Likert scale, that is, the respondents are asked to agree or disagree with a series of statements or items set in this paper, usually categorized as “strongly disagree”, “disagree”, “neutral”, “agree”, “strongly agree”, and the average score of each dimension is recorded and counted. “The average score of each dimension is recorded and counted.

Figure 4 shows the results of the platform usability survey under the Likert scale. From the figure, we can conclude that the average recognition ratings of the platform’s cultural communication and education, digital collection and display of cultural heritage, online interactive experience, personalized information recommendation, and virtual scenario construction range from 4.08 to 4.61, all of which have reached the level of “recognition”.Among them, the user’s rating of the virtual scene construction is significantly higher than the other four dimensions, indicating that the platform in this paper is able to provide users with a highly realistic immersive experience, and that users can receive timely feedback from the background, which enhances the smoothness and interactivity of the virtual experience of their digital cultural heritage, and has a practicable effect.

Figure 4.

The Likert scale is the result of the platform usability survey

Communication effect refers to the change of audience cognition and behavior caused by the information after it is accepted by the audience through certain communication channels. In this section, communication effects are divided into cognitive, emotional and behavioral effects according to the ripple theory. Accordingly, this study evaluates the communication effect of cultural heritage in southern China from the degree of communication goal realization, and sets evaluation indicators and corresponding questionnaire questions from three levels of cognitive effect, emotional effect and behavioral effect from five cultural heritage expression modes, i.e., digital collection, 3D printing, digital imaging, knowledge mapping, and virtual reality, which are recorded as expression modes 1-5 in order. The questionnaire was scored using a five-level Likert scale.

Figure 5 shows the results of the comparison of the communication goal realization of different means of expression. Comparing the communication goal realization scores of the five types of cultural heritage means of expression, it is found that the average communication goal realization of the five modes ranges from 4.11 to 4.54. The highest score is virtual reality, followed by 3D printing and digital acquisition, and finally knowledge mapping and digital imaging, and the communication goal realization degree of these two means of expression is significantly lower than that of the remaining three.

Figure 5.

Comparison results of the target implementation of different expressions

Factor set refers to the collection of factors affecting the value of the evaluation object, and the factor set is denoted by the letter U: (1) U={ u1,u2,⋯,un }

All these factors U_i in the factor set are ambiguous.

The evaluation set is the set of possible evaluations that the evaluator may make of the subject of the evaluation, and is denoted by the letter U_i: (2) V={ v1,v2,⋯,vm }

m is the number of ratings, generally categorized into 3 to 5 ratings.

The results of the integrated sustainable use evaluation were categorized into four levels with a rubric set V = {Excellent, Good, Moderate, Poor}.

For the ith indicator, the affiliation to each rubric is a fuzzy subset on V, i.e., the set of one-factor evaluations for the ith factor is a fuzzy mapping from U to V: (3) Ri={ r1,r12,⋯,rim }

The evaluation set of n factors constitutes a total evaluation matrix R, i.e., each evaluated object determines a fuzzy relationship R from U to V, and the fuzzy comprehensive judgment matrix is: (4) R=(rij)n×m=[ r11r12⋯r1mr21r22⋯r2m⋮⋮⋱⋮rn1rn2⋯rnm ]

Where: r_ij denotes the degree of affiliation at which factor u_i can be rated v_j, i.e., the frequency distribution of the ith factor on the jth rubric, satisfying ∑ rij=1 .

Each factor u_i has a different degree of influence on the evaluation object, and each factor should be given a corresponding weight, and the set of weights is called the set of factor weights, which is denoted by the letter A: (5) A={ a1,a2,⋯,an }

a_i is the weight of the ith factor, since the weights of the factors are not equal, a fuzzy matrix operation is needed to uniquely determine a fuzzy transformation B from U to V, and B is the conclusion vector of the first level of the judging criterion: (6) B=A⋅R=(b1,b2,⋯,bm)

b_j reflects the affiliation of the jth judgment with the fuzzy set B.

The comprehensive sustainable utilization evaluation index system is a multi-level structure, which also requires multi-level fuzzy evaluation. The second-level comprehensive evaluation is to take the matrix composed of the conclusion vector of the first-level comprehensive evaluation as the single-factor evaluation matrix of the second-level comprehensive evaluation, and the single-factor evaluation matrix of the second-level comprehensive evaluation is shown in the following formula: (7) RLevel 2=[ BLevel 11BLevel 21⋮BLevel n1 ]=[ A1⋅RLevel 11A2⋅RLevel 21⋮An⋅RLevel n1 ]

Then the second level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result is: (8) BLevel 2=ALevel 2⋅RLevel 2=(bLevel 12,bLevel 22,⋯,bLevel m2)

B is the condition description of the comprehensive condition of the evaluated object in grades, which cannot be directly used for the sorting evaluation or the evaluation of excellence among the evaluated objects, and usually adopts the principle of maximum affiliation to select the largest max(b₁,b₂,⋯,b_m) in the final evaluation result B, and the corresponding grade is the final result of the fuzzy judgment.

In the practical application, it is found that according to the principle of maximum affiliation, only the largest in B is utilized, and all the information brought by the evaluation results is not fully utilized, and in the practical application, it is possible to stipulate the corresponding parameters for each grade as the rating standard. The fuzzy total evaluation result is B = A·R = (b₁,b₂,⋯,b_m), and the parameter column vector of each grade is C = (c₁,c₂,⋯,c_m)^T, then the grade parameter judgment result is: (9) Y=B⋅C=(b1,b2,⋯,bm)⋅[ c1c2⋮cm ]=∑j=1mbj⋅cj=P(P∈R)

Based on previous experience and people’s habit of judging “excellent, good, medium and poor”, the rating interval of each level of comprehensive sustainable utilization evaluation is determined, and the rating interval is shown in Table 1, and the median of each rating interval is selected as the parameter of each level, and the level parameter is C = (95,85,70,30)^T.

This paper constructs an index system for assessing the effect of humanities resources integration based on local cultural heritage in southern China, including the coverage rate of digital humanities resources, the depth of cultural inheritance, the degree of participation, and the degree of satisfaction, which are noted as indicators 1-4 in turn.

The effectiveness of the integration of the traditional model and the platform based on this paper was carried out through a questionnaire survey, and throughout the activity, 100 questionnaires were distributed and 100 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 100%. The results of the survey showed that the investigators indicated that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the content of the activity, and the results of the survey were assigned and analyzed through the fuzzy judgment algorithm. Figure 6 demonstrates the results of the fuzzy judgment distribution of the resource integration effect.

Figure 6.

The resource integration effect is fuzzy evaluation distribution result

The data in the figure show that the integration effect under this paper’s platform is greatly improved compared with the traditional mode, with the coverage of digital humanities resources, the depth of cultural heritage, the degree of participation, and the degree of satisfaction increased by 12.75%, 12.48%, 23.10%, and 8.31%, respectively. It can be seen that this paper’s platform provides the greatest increase in participation for the investigators, indicating that the digital humanities technology makes the investigators’ interaction with cultural heritage increase, and improves the investigators’ experience feeling and interactivity.

In order to verify whether the digital human resources integration platform for local cultural heritage in Southern China developed in this paper has sustainable utilization value, this section selects “cultural heritage integration plan”, “digital protection of cultural heritage”, “digital transmission of cultural heritage”, “public awareness and experience” and “feedback mechanism of the platform” as the sustainable utilization value. This section selects “cultural heritage integration program”, “cultural heritage digital preservation”, “cultural heritage digital inheritance”, “cultural heritage resilience assessment”, “public awareness and experience”, and “platform feedback mechanism” as the indicators for assessing the value of sustainable utilization. Each indicator includes five items. Twenty experts in related fields are invited to evaluate the items set in this paper, and then the fuzzy comprehensive judgment algorithm is used to classify the evaluation indicators, so as to study the sustainable utilization of this platform in the field of cultural heritage.

Figure 7 shows the results of the fuzzy composite scores of the six indicators. As can be seen from the figure, the fuzzy algorithm is calculated to get the score of each item between 86 and 96 points by the expert evaluation results. Specifically, “Cultural Heritage Integration Program”, “Cultural Heritage Digital Protection”, “Cultural Heritage Digital Inheritance”, “Cultural Heritage Resilience Assessment”, ‘Public Awareness and Experience’, and ‘Platform Feedback Mechanism’ have average scores of 91.01, 92.81, 91.86, 91.88, 93.64, 92.06, with a range of [90] to [90]. All scores are in the range of [90,100], and according to the evaluation parameter ranking table above, they are in the grade of “excellent”. Among them, “public awareness and experience” has the highest expert evaluation, which may be due to the fact that the public, as the main body of this platform, can contribute to the sustainable use of digital humanities resources through the understanding of the local culture of the South, interactive participation and other behaviors.

Figure 7.

The fuzzy comprehensive score of the six indexes