Design of Intelligent Online Education Resource Optimization and Scheduling Strategies Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

[1] Albrahim, F. A. (2020). Online teaching skills and competencies. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 19(1), 9-20. Albrahim F. A. ( 2020 ). Online teaching skills and competencies . Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET , 19 ( 1 ), 9 - 20 . Search in Google Scholar

[2] Mahmood, S. (2021). Instructional strategies for online teaching in COVID‐19 pandemic. Human behavior and emerging technologies, 3(1), 199-203. Mahmood S. ( 2021 ). Instructional strategies for online teaching in COVID‐19 pandemic . Human behavior and emerging technologies , 3 ( 1 ), 199 - 203 . Search in Google Scholar

[3] Liu, Y., Xue, J., & Li, M. (2020). Research on e-learning teaching assistant system based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. In Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (pp. 1395-1400). Springer International Publishing. Liu Y. Xue J. Li M. ( 2020 ). Research on e-learning teaching assistant system based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm . In Cyber Security Intelligence and Analytics (pp. 1395 - 1400 ). Springer International Publishing . Search in Google Scholar

[4] Chen, I. H., Chen, H. P., Gamble, J. H., Liao, X. L., Chen, X. M., Yang, Y. T. C., … & Lin, C. Y. (2022). Evaluating a cross-lagged panel model between problematic internet use and psychological distress and cross-level mediation of school administrator support on problematic internet use: The serial mediating role of psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 987366. Chen I. H. Chen H. P. Gamble J. H. Liao X. L. Chen X. M. Yang Y. T. C. Lin C. Y. ( 2022 ). Evaluating a cross-lagged panel model between problematic internet use and psychological distress and cross-level mediation of school administrator support on problematic internet use: The serial mediating role of psychological needs thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress . Frontiers in Public Health , 10 , 987366 . Search in Google Scholar

[5] Zhang, S. J., & Yu, G. H. (2017). Mobile learning model and process optimization in the era of fragmentation. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3641-3652. Zhang S. J. Yu G. H. ( 2017 ). Mobile learning model and process optimization in the era of fragmentation . Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education , 13 ( 7 ), 3641 - 3652 . Search in Google Scholar

[6] Nikolopoulou, K., Gialamas, V., & Lavidas, K. (2021). Habit, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy and technological pedagogical knowledge affect teachers’ intention to use mobile internet. Computers and Education Open, 2, 100041. Nikolopoulou K. Gialamas V. Lavidas K. ( 2021 ). Habit, hedonic motivation, performance expectancy and technological pedagogical knowledge affect teachers’ intention to use mobile internet . Computers and Education Open , 2 , 100041 . Search in Google Scholar

[7] Sadiku, M. N., Adebo, P. O., & Musa, S. M. (2018). Online teaching and learning. International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 8(2), 73-75. Sadiku M. N. Adebo P. O. Musa S. M. ( 2018 ). Online teaching and learning . International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering , 8 ( 2 ), 73 - 75 . Search in Google Scholar

[8] Shin, W., & Lwin, M. O. (2017). How does “talking about the Internet with others” affect teenagers’ experience of online risks? The role of active mediation by parents, peers, and school teachers. New media & society, 19(7), 1109-1126. Shin W. Lwin M. O. ( 2017 ). How does “talking about the Internet with others” affect teenagers’ experience of online risks? The role of active mediation by parents, peers, and school teachers . New media & society , 19 ( 7 ), 1109 - 1126 . Search in Google Scholar

[9] Phan, T. T. N., & Dang, L. T. T. (2017). Teacher readiness for online teaching: A critical review. International Journal on Open and Distance e-Learning, 3(1). Phan T. T. N. Dang L. T. T. ( 2017 ). Teacher readiness for online teaching: A critical review . International Journal on Open and Distance e-Learning , 3 ( 1 ). Search in Google Scholar

[10] Bender, T. (2023). Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning: Theory, practice and assessment. Taylor & Francis. Bender T. ( 2023 ). Discussion-based online teaching to enhance student learning: Theory, practice and assessment . Taylor & Francis . Search in Google Scholar

[11] Shen, Y. (2022). Application of internet of things in online teaching of adult education based on android voice assistant. Mobile Information Systems, 2022(1), 8915889. Shen Y. ( 2022 ). Application of internet of things in online teaching of adult education based on android voice assistant . Mobile Information Systems , 2022 ( 1 ), 8915889 . Search in Google Scholar

[12] Yi, J., Chen, I. H., Lin, C. Y., Li, C. C., Liao, X. L., Wei, Z. H., & Gamble, J. H. (2021, September). The effect of primary and middle school teachers’ problematic internet use and fear of Covid-19 on psychological need thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress. In Healthcare (Vol. 9, No. 9, p. 1199). MDPI. Yi J. Chen I. H. Lin C. Y. Li C. C. Liao X. L. Wei Z. H. Gamble J. H. ( 2021 , September ). The effect of primary and middle school teachers’ problematic internet use and fear of Covid-19 on psychological need thwarting of online teaching and psychological distress . In Healthcare (Vol. 9 , No. 9 , p. 1199 ). MDPI . Search in Google Scholar

[13] Werang, B. R., & Leba, S. M. R. (2022). Factors Affecting Student Engagement in Online Teaching and Learning: A Qualitative Case Study. Qualitative Report, 27(2). Werang B. R. Leba S. M. R. ( 2022 ). Factors Affecting Student Engagement in Online Teaching and Learning: A Qualitative Case Study . Qualitative Report , 27 ( 2 ). Search in Google Scholar

[14] Gurung, S. (2021). Challenges faced by teachers in online teaching during Covid-19 pandemic. The online journal of distance education and e-Learning, 9(1), 8-18. Gurung S. ( 2021 ). Challenges faced by teachers in online teaching during Covid-19 pandemic . The online journal of distance education and e-Learning , 9 ( 1 ), 8 - 18 . Search in Google Scholar

[15] Zaripov, B., Mirzaliyev, S., Zohirov, K., & Abdullayev, A. (2021, November). Analysis and implementation of course quality optimization based on cloud computing. In 2021 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT) (pp. 1-4). IEEE. Zaripov B. Mirzaliyev S. Zohirov K. Abdullayev A. ( 2021 , November ). Analysis and implementation of course quality optimization based on cloud computing . In 2021 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT) (pp. 1 - 4 ). IEEE . Search in Google Scholar

[16] Rhim, H. C., & Han, H. (2020). Teaching online: foundational concepts of online learning and practical guidelines. Korean journal of medical education, 32(3), 175. Rhim H. C. Han H. ( 2020 ). Teaching online: foundational concepts of online learning and practical guidelines . Korean journal of medical education , 32 ( 3 ), 175 . Search in Google Scholar

[17] Bärmann, A., Pokutta, S., & Schneider, O. (2017, July). Emulating the expert: Inverse optimization through online learning. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 400-410). PMLR. Bärmann A. Pokutta S. Schneider O. ( 2017 , July ). Emulating the expert: Inverse optimization through online learning . In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 400 - 410 ). PMLR . Search in Google Scholar

[18] Li, J., Gu, C., Wu, Z., & Huang, T. (2020). Online learning algorithm for distributed convex optimization with time-varying coupled constraints and bandit feedback. IEEE transactions on cybernetics, 52(2), 1009-1020. Li J. Gu C. Wu Z. Huang T. ( 2020 ). Online learning algorithm for distributed convex optimization with time-varying coupled constraints and bandit feedback . IEEE transactions on cybernetics , 52 ( 2 ), 1009 - 1020 . Search in Google Scholar

[19] Zhang, X. (2022). The influence of mobile learning on the optimization of teaching mode in higher education. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022(1), 5921242. Zhang X. ( 2022 ). The influence of mobile learning on the optimization of teaching mode in higher education . Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing , 2022 ( 1 ), 5921242 . Search in Google Scholar

[20] Glowa, L., & Goodell, J. (2016). Student-Centered Learning: Functional Requirements for Integrated Systems to Optimize Learning. International Association for K-12 Online Learning. Glowa L. Goodell J. ( 2016 ). Student-Centered Learning: Functional Requirements for Integrated Systems to Optimize Learning . International Association for K-12 Online Learning . Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kim, Y., Jung, B. C., & Song, Y. (2023). Online learning for joint energy harvesting and information decoding optimization in IoT-enabled smart city. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(12), 10675-10686. Kim Y. Jung B. C. Song Y. ( 2023 ). Online learning for joint energy harvesting and information decoding optimization in IoT-enabled smart city . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 10 ( 12 ), 10675 - 10686 . Search in Google Scholar

[22] Zhang, M., Zhou, Y., Quan, W., Zhu, J., Zheng, R., & Wu, Q. (2020). Online learning for IoT optimization: A Frank–Wolfe Adam-based algorithm. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(9), 8228-8237. Zhang M. Zhou Y. Quan W. Zhu J. Zheng R. Wu Q. ( 2020 ). Online learning for IoT optimization: A Frank–Wolfe Adam-based algorithm . IEEE Internet of Things Journal , 7 ( 9 ), 8228 - 8237 . Search in Google Scholar

[23] Pulkkinen, P., & Koivunen, V. (2024). Model-based online learning for active ISAC waveform optimization. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing. Pulkkinen P. Koivunen V. ( 2024 ). Model-based online learning for active ISAC waveform optimization . IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing . Search in Google Scholar

[24] Halim, A. (2024). OPTIMIZATION OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA USAGE IN MADRASAH. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 4(1), 114-127. Halim A. ( 2024 ). OPTIMIZATION OF INTERACTIVE LEARNING MEDIA USAGE IN MADRASAH . Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE) , 4 ( 1 ), 114 - 127 . Search in Google Scholar

[25] Bhat, G., Mandal, S. K., Gupta, U., & Ogras, U. Y. (2018, November). Online learning for adaptive optimization of heterogeneous SoCs. In 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) (pp. 1-6). IEEE. Bhat G. Mandal S. K. Gupta U. Ogras U. Y. ( 2018 , November ). Online learning for adaptive optimization of heterogeneous SoCs . In 2018 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD) (pp. 1 - 6 ). IEEE . Search in Google Scholar

[26] Liu, X., Zuo, J., Chen, X., Chen, W., & Lui, J. C. (2021, July). Multi-layered network exploration via random walks: From offline optimization to online learning. In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 7057-7066). PMLR. Liu X. Zuo J. Chen X. Chen W. Lui J. C. ( 2021 , July ). Multi-layered network exploration via random walks: From offline optimization to online learning . In International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 7057 - 7066 ). PMLR . Search in Google Scholar

[27] [27] Lapitan Jr, L. D., Tiangco, C. E., Sumalinog, D. A. G., Sabarillo, N. S., & Diaz, J. M. (2021). An effective blended online teaching and learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Education for chemical engineers, 35, 116-131. Lapitan Jr L. D. Tiangco C. E. Sumalinog D. A. G. Sabarillo N. S. Diaz J. M. ( 2021 ). An effective blended online teaching and learning strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic . Education for chemical engineers , 35 , 116 - 131 . Search in Google Scholar

[28] [28] Mishra, L., Gupta, T., & Shree, A. (2020). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of educational research open, 1, 100012. Mishra L. Gupta T. Shree A. ( 2020 ). Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic . International journal of educational research open , 1 , 100012 . Search in Google Scholar

[29] [29] Oguguo, B., Ezechukwu, R., Nannim, F., & Offor, K. (2023). Analysis of teachers in the use of digital resources in online teaching and assessment in COVID times. Innoeduca. International journal of technology and educational innovation, 9(1), 81-96. Oguguo B. Ezechukwu R. Nannim F. Offor K. ( 2023 ). Analysis of teachers in the use of digital resources in online teaching and assessment in COVID times . Innoeduca. International journal of technology and educational innovation , 9 ( 1 ), 81 - 96 . Search in Google Scholar

[30] [30] Hofer, S. I., Nistor, N., & Scheibenzuber, C. (2021). Online teaching and learning in higher education: Lessons learned in crisis situations. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106789. Hofer S. I. Nistor N. Scheibenzuber C. ( 2021 ). Online teaching and learning in higher education: Lessons learned in crisis situations . Computers in Human Behavior , 121 , 106789 . Search in Google Scholar

[31] [31] Kotlyarova, I. O., Voloshina, I. A., Volchenkova, K. N., & Batina, E. V. (2020, September). On-line education resources for the optimization of on-line continuing professional education. In 2020 International Conference Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies (IT&QM&IS) (pp. 588-592). IEEE. Kotlyarova I. O. Voloshina I. A. Volchenkova K. N. Batina E. V. ( 2020 , September ). On-line education resources for the optimization of on-line continuing professional education . In 2020 International Conference Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies (IT&QM&IS) (pp. 588 - 592 ). IEEE . Search in Google Scholar

[32] [32] Halvoník, D., & Kapusta, J. (2020). Framework for e-learning materials optimization. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(11), 67-77. Halvoník D. Kapusta J. ( 2020 ). Framework for e-learning materials optimization . International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) , 15 ( 11 ), 67 - 77 . Search in Google Scholar

[33] [33] Gao, J., Yue, X. G., Hao, L., Crabbe, M., Manta, O., & Duarte, N. (2021). Optimization analysis and implementation of online wisdom teaching mode in cloud classroom based on data mining and processing. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 16(1), 205-218. Gao J. Yue X. G. Hao L. Crabbe M. Manta O. Duarte N. ( 2021 ). Optimization analysis and implementation of online wisdom teaching mode in cloud classroom based on data mining and processing . International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) , 16 ( 1 ), 205 - 218 . Search in Google Scholar

[34] [34] Ren, Z. (2023). Optimization of innovative education resource allocation in colleges and universities based on cloud computing and user privacy security. Wireless Personal Communications, 1-15. Ren Z. ( 2023 ). Optimization of innovative education resource allocation in colleges and universities based on cloud computing and user privacy security . Wireless Personal Communications , 1 - 15 . Search in Google Scholar

[35] [35] Li, S., Chen, H., Liu, X., Li, J., Peng, K., & Wang, Z. (2023). Online personalized learning path recommendation based on saltatory evolution ant colony optimization algorithm. Mathematics, 11(13), 2792. Li S. Chen H. Liu X. Li J. Peng K. Wang Z. ( 2023 ). Online personalized learning path recommendation based on saltatory evolution ant colony optimization algorithm . Mathematics , 11 ( 13 ), 2792 . Search in Google Scholar

[36] [36] Hassan, M. M., Mirza, T., & Hussain, M. W. (2020). A critical review by teachers on the online teaching-learning during the COVID-19. International Journal of Education and Management Engineering, 10(5), 17. Hassan M. M. Mirza T. Hussain M. W. ( 2020 ). A critical review by teachers on the online teaching-learning during the COVID-19 . International Journal of Education and Management Engineering , 10 ( 5 ), 17 . Search in Google Scholar

[37] Samuel Mallick,Filippo Airaldi,Azita Dabiri,Congcong Sun & Bart De Schutter. (2025). Reinforcement learning-based model predictive control for greenhouse climate control. Smart Agricultural Technology100751-100751. Samuel Mallick Filippo Airaldi Azita Dabiri Congcong Sun Bart De Schutter ( 2025 ). Reinforcement learning-based model predictive control for greenhouse climate control . Smart Agricultural Technology 100751 - 100751 . Search in Google Scholar

[38] Pingyang Li & Juan Zhang. (2025). Online mobile learning resource recommendation method based on deep reinforcement learning. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development(1),1-12. Pingyang Li Juan Zhang ( 2025 ). Online mobile learning resource recommendation method based on deep reinforcement learning . International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development ( 1 ), 1 - 12 . Search in Google Scholar

[39] Vivek S. Borkar. (2025). Some big issues with small noise limits in Markov decision processes. Systems & Control Letters105972-105972. Vivek S. Borkar ( 2025 ). Some big issues with small noise limits in Markov decision processes . Systems & Control Letters 105972 - 105972 . Search in Google Scholar

[40] Yongfang Li & Chunhua Zhu. (2024). TransE-MTP: A New Representation Learning Method for Knowledge Graph Embedding with Multi-Translation Principles and TransE. Electronics(16),3171-3171. Yongfang Li Chunhua Zhu ( 2024 ). TransE-MTP: A New Representation Learning Method for Knowledge Graph Embedding with Multi-Translation Principles and TransE . Electronics ( 16 ), 3171 - 3171 . Search in Google Scholar

[41] Xin Yang,Shuaishuai Bo & Zhaojie Zhang. (2023). Classifying Urban Functional Zones Based on Modeling POIs by Deepwalk. Sustainability(10). Xin Yang Shuaishuai Bo Zhaojie Zhang ( 2023 ). Classifying Urban Functional Zones Based on Modeling POIs by Deepwalk . Sustainability ( 10 ). Search in Google Scholar

[42] Sapna Pal,Ankita Pal & Debasisa Mohanty. (2025). SG-ML-PLAP: A structure-guided machine learning-based scoring function for protein-ligand binding affinity prediction. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society(1),e5257. Sapna Pal Ankita Pal Debasisa Mohanty ( 2025 ). SG-ML-PLAP: A structure-guided machine learning-based scoring function for protein-ligand binding affinity prediction . Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society ( 1 ), e5257 . Search in Google Scholar