Strategies for Sharing and Utilizing Internet-Based Curriculum Resources in Teaching Higher Mathematics
and
Mar 19, 2025
About this article
Published Online: Mar 19, 2025
Received: Nov 02, 2024
Accepted: Feb 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2025-0450
Keywords
© 2025 Xiaohui Zhang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Symbols and their meanings
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| The embedded vector of problem |
|
| The embedded vector of the |
|
| Whether to request the embedded vector of the |
|
| Difficulty embedding vector | |
| The embedded vector of the problem |
|
| The combination eigenvectors that contain problem sets and multiple features | |
| The static matrix |
|
| The dynamic matrix |
|
| The relevant weights of problem sets and knowledge concepts | |
| Read the vector, which means the student’s degree of mastery of the problem set | |
| The degree of mastery of the problem of forgetting | |
| Summarize the vector, including the student’s degree of mastery and the difficulty of the problem | |
| Predicting the probability of students answering correctly | |
| Erase vector | |
| Plus vector |
Indicators of the four recommended models
| Data set | ASST2023 | ASST2017 | KDD2010 | Bean cloud | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | Model | 60 | 70 | 80 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 60 | 70 | 80 |
| PR | UB-CF | 46.2 | 54.5 | 64.2 | 44.2 | 51 | 61.6 | 35.4 | 43.2 | 55.7 | 43.8 | 51 | 58.7 |
| IB-CF | 58.8 | 63.2 | 67.8 | 56.2 | 61.5 | 64 | 37.2 | 47.6 | 57.7 | 40.3 | 47.5 | 64.7 | |
| DKT-CF | 82.1 | 85.7 | 88.2 | 78.4 | 80.1 | 83.9 | 73.7 | 75.5 | 78.2 | 76.5 | 80 | 81.9 | |
| Ours | 88.9 | 89.5 | 93 | 83.3 | 84.9 | 86.7 | 76.1 | 80.9 | 82.4 | 80.1 | 83.4 | 85.1 | |
| RR | UB-CF | 15.5 | 20.6 | 24.7 | 12.3 | 15.5 | 16.4 | 12.9 | 13 | 12 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 13.7 |
| IB-CF | 18.1 | 22.3 | 26.5 | 15 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 11.9 | 16.3 | 17.5 | |
| DKT-CF | 31.3 | 34 | 35.2 | 29.3 | 29.6 | 30.9 | 25.1 | 27.3 | 28.7 | 27.1 | 28.9 | 29.8 | |
| Ours | 36.2 | 38.4 | 38.3 | 31.4 | 32.9 | 33.2 | 28.1 | 29 | 30.3 | 30.4 | 31 | 32.1 | |
| F1 | UB-CF | 23.3 | 30.7 | 35.1 | 19.4 | 23.8 | 26.3 | 19.1 | 19.4 | 20.8 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 22.5 |
| IB-CF | 27 | 32 | 38.8 | 22.9 | 26.5 | 29 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 23.3 | 19.4 | 24.5 | 28.7 | |
| DKT-CF | 45 | 48.5 | 50.4 | 42.2 | 43.1 | 45.5 | 37.1 | 39 | 42.4 | 38.8 | 42.7 | 44 | |
| Ours | 52.5 | 53.5 | 54.9 | 46 | 47.5 | 47.8 | 41.3 | 42.8 | 44.1 | 43.5 | 45.1 | 46.9 | |
Data collection statistics
| POJ | LLS | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of learners | 13,289 | 2,063 |
| Number of learning items | 2,030 | 1,198 |
| Number of interactions | 424,004 | 312.379 |
| Data collection time | 2022/05/29-2023/04/17 | 2022/5/29-2023/04/17 |
